This article presents a literature review on the risk factors for oral clefts (lip and/or palate), emphasizing discussion of maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors. Several studies have identified the risk of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, use of anticonvulsant drugs, and exposure to organic solvents. A protective effect has been shown for supplementation with folic acid. As with...

background: implantation is one of the essential steps for the success of assisted reproductive techniques (art). their success depends on three main factors: embryo quality, endometrial receptivity (er), and synchrony between embryo and endometrium. there are various factors that regulate the complex process of implantation. in this regard, one may refer to human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) a...

background: since increased lh in the early follicular phase in pcos patients especially in gnrh antagonist protocol could be associated with reduced oocyte quality and pregnancy and impared implantation. the current study was conducted to determine art outcomes in gnrh antagonist protocol (flexible) and long gnrh agonist protocol and compare them with adding gnrh antagonist in gnrh antagonist ...

Although banned from production in the United States and other developed countries in the late 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain widespread environmental contaminants found in measurable amounts in the general population. These compounds have been linked to longer time to pregnancy and increased preg nancy loss in both epidemiologic and experimental research. A new study pinpoints ...

Although banned from production in the United States and other developed countries in the late 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain widespread environmental contaminants found in measurable amounts in the general population. These compounds have been linked to longer time to pregnancy and increased preg nancy loss in both epidemiologic and experimental research. A new study pinpoints ...

Background:Expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its receptors in embryo and endometrium implicates the involvement of this glycoprotein on implantation process. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of routine use of subcutaneous administration of G-CSF on pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients. <strong...

background: we often see patients with a thin endometrium in art cycles, in spite of standard and adjuvant treatments. improving endometrial growth in patients with a thin endometrium is very difficult. without adequate endometrial thickness these patients, likely, would not have reached embryo transfer. objective: we planned this study to investigate the efficacy of intrauterine granulocyte co...