Although existing methods (chemical vapor deposition, mechanical exfoliation, etc.) are available to produce graphene, the lack of thickness control limits further graphene applications. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to precisely thin graphene films to a specific thickness using femtosecond (fs) laser raster scanning. By using appropriate laser fluence and scanning times, graphene t...

From previous studies suggesting that controlled crystal growth and crystal dissolution are governed by the same laws, we have previously finalized the chemical lapping or controlled dissolution of AT quartz plates in NaOH,H20. The quality of chemical polishing changes with the crystallographic orientation of plates. Consequently, we have investigated simiiar basic solvents other than NaOH medi...

The fabrication of ordered arrays of nanoporous Si nanopillars with and without nanoporous base and ordered arrays of Si nanopillars with nanoporous shells are presented. The fabrication route is using a combination of substrate conformal imprint lithography and metal-assisted chemical etching. The metal-assisted chemical etching is performed in solutions with different [HF]/[H2O2 + HF] ratios....

In this study, the effects of heat treatment of aluminum alloy on the tube bending process were investigated in the rotary draw bending process. As two experimental and numerical simulation methods were used to determine the wall-thinning, ovality, and spring back for extruded, annealed, and aged AA6063 aluminum alloy tubes in different bending angles and bend radii. Numerical simulations were ...

Most nashi cultivars require heavy thinning, and this has traditionally been performed by the time labour-intensive practice of hand thinning. Crop load management is a key cost driver for production, but there are limited cost-effective options available growers compared to other pome fruit, especially apples and, lesser extent, European pears. There is, however, potential adapt some thinning ...