Clinical failure of Malarone™ chemoprophylaxis is extremely rare. We report a case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a returned traveler to Ghana who fully adhered to atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone™) chemoprophylaxis daily dosing, yet took the pills on an empty stomach. Screening of the P. falciparum isolate revealed triple codon mutation of Dhfr at positions 51, 59, and 108. Plasma drug leve...

Also there is some concern about efficacy of rifampicin as single drug prophylaxis in contacts where the source is proved to be excreting INH resistant bacilli. A case of probable rifampicin failure in such situation is described(3) and hence recommendation for chemophophylaxis of confirmed INH resistance vary from rimampicin alone or rifampicin with ethambutol; both regimens for 9 months(4). I...

Introduction and Aim: There is an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with rheumatoid diseases(RD) treated anti TNF alpha agents. Screening and, if necessary, chemoprophylaxis recommended undergoing treatment. This study aimed to determine the incidence active TB due long term usage RD evaluate effectiveness regimen.
 Materials Methods: 
 Patients agents for more than 5 ye...

Current recommendations for tuberculosis control are to screen high risk populations and provide chemoprophylaxis for those infected. In Edmonton, Alberta, one strategy has been to identify and provide TB skin tests to newly arrived immigrant school age children from TB endemic areas. The difficulty has been in identifying these children in the school population. This article describes a proces...

SUMMARYWe performed a systematic review to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, in preventing meningococcal disease among household contacts. Medline, EMBASE, EMGM, and EUIBIS were used for data collection. Studies reporting on at least 100 primary cases and on subsequent cases in household settings with follow-up of more than 2 weeks after onset of diseas...

Travelers to tropical countries are at risk for a variety of infectious diseases. In some cases effective vaccinations are available, but for other infections chemoprophylaxis can be offered. Malaria prevention has become increasingly complex as Plasmodium species become resistant to available drugs. In certain high risk settings, antibiotics can be used to prevent leptospirosis, scrub typhus a...

CONTEXT Household contacts of patients with pertussis are at increased risk of acquiring infection. Chemoprophylaxis has been recommended to decrease transmission, particularly to young infants who are at increased risk of severe disease. Although epidemiologic investigations of outbreaks have suggested a benefit, there have been no prospective studies evaluating the efficacy of chemoprophylaxi...

OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for metastatic disease on histopathologic specimens of enucleated eyes from patients with unilateral retinoblastoma, and to evaluate the value of chemoprophylaxis in preventing disease dissemination. METHODS Medical records from patients with unilateral retinoblastoma who underwent primary enucleation were reviewed at the University of California, San Franc...

OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after spinal surgery affects a patients' postoperative recovery and also carries a mortality risk. Some studies recommended chemical prophylaxis for high-risk patients and for those after complex spinal surgeries. However, chemoprophylaxis for VTE in spinal surgery is underemployed and there is no agreement on the use of VTE prophylaxis in spinal surgery. ...

Two previous reviews summarized the New York Hospital experience with 110 cases of malaria from 1968 to 1990. We have extended these studies to include 59 cases of malaria seen from 1991 to 1999 and analyze trends over the past 30 years. Plasmodium falciparum remains the most common species, 38 (64%) of the 59 cases, with the majority of them, 34 (89%) of 38 cases, being acquired in Africa. Of ...