235 March 2014, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Suppl 1) Eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV requires monitoring of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme to identify programme gaps for intervention. Early infant diagnosis (EID) is critical for identifying HIVinfected infants to enable early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has been shown to reduce...

BACKGROUND There are an estimated half-million children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The predominant source of infection is presumed to be perinatal mother-to-child transmission, but general population data about paediatric HIV are sparse. We characterise the epidemiology of HIV in children in sub-Saharan Africa by describing the prevalence, possible source of infection, and effects o...

Vertical transmission from mother to child, the main route of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the East Asia, is considered one of the most important predictors for the response to antiviral therapies as well as its complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, it is critical in both etiologic and prognostic aspects to confirm whether or not chronic HBV in...

 Coronavirus disease (COVID) has had a growing outbreak around the world. China reported COVID-19 infection for the first time in December 2019. Symptoms of this disease often include respiratory symptoms, but gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) were also reported in COVID-19 infection. Coronavirus transmits through direct droplets, contact, or fomites. However, other mod...

BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, Progress in Reducing Mother-to-Child-Transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is being curtailed by behavioral and cultural factors that continue to put unborn children at risk, and mother-to-child transmission is responsible for more than 90% of HIV infection in children. The objective of this study was to assess PMTCT services by examining knowledge a...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects on mother to child transmission of the timing and type of prenatal treatment, taking into account gestational age at maternal seroconversion. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING European centres offering prenatal screening for toxoplasmosis. POPULATION Children born to a cohort of pregnant women with toxoplasma infection. METHODS We determined the...

PROBLEM China continues to face challenges in eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV). APPROACH In 2010, a programme that integrated and standardized prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) efforts for HIV, syphilis and HBV was implemented in 1156 counties. At participating antenatal care clinics, pregnant...

BACKGROUND To determine the timing of prevention of mother-to-child transmission cascade programmatic barriers to understand the service gaps in preparation for scale up of Option B+ in the Southern Province of Zambia. METHODS A database search of the National Dried Blood Spot Registry in Zambia for DNA polymerase chain reaction identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants f...