We use data from the earlier and later cohorts of the NLSY to estimate the effect of marriage and childbearing on wages. Our estimates imply that marriage lowers female wages 2-4 percent in the year of marriage. Marriage also lowers the wage growth of men and women by about two and four percentage points, respectively. A first birth lowers female wages 2-3 percent, but has no effect on wage gro...

Abstract Introduction: Social capital has potential effects on reproductive health and childbearing behaviors. However, there is limited information about its relationship with childbearing. Objective: This study aimed to explore female healthcare providers' experiences of childbearing based on the social capital theory. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from July ...

We assessed reported communication with HIV providers about reproductive plans among HIV+ men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and factors associated with having had such communication. A total of N=311 HIV+ men (18-50 years) receiving HIV care at one of six public primary care clinics in Rio de Janeiro between 2008-2009 were surveyed. We used descriptive statistics, and multivariate logistic regress...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the influence of childbearing pattern on the incidence of breast cancer and uterine corpus cancer. DESIGN This was an ecological study of birth cohorts of women. SETTING The study was population based, involving the whole of Norway. PARTICIPANTS The participants were Norwegian women born between 1890 and 1944. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Age specif...

The number of countries experiencing very low fertility has been rising in recent years, garnering increasing academic, political and media attention. There is now widespread academic agreement that the postponement of fertility is a major contributing factor in the very low levels of fertility that have occurred, and yet most policy discussions have been devoted to increasing the numbers of ch...

BACKGROUND Factors that influence men's childbearing intentions have been relatively unexplored in the literature. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the influencing factors about the first childbearing timing decisions of men. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 300 men who were referred to private and governmental healthcare centers in Shahrood, Iran were randomly re...

Seventeen female patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between June 1973 and June 1987 became pregnant 5 months to 11 years after transplantation. Immunosuppression was maintained with combinations of prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine prior to and during pregnancy. One patient discontinued immunosuppression after knowledge of pregnancy, taking only azathioprine sporad...

like many developed and developing societies, iran has experienced sharp fertility declineand reached below- replacement level fertility. as women have a major role in childbearing,their empowerment and autonomy will lead to changes in their fertility behavior, and manystudies have focused on various aspects of women's autonomy and fertility. this paperexamines the relationship between wom...

Childbearing pattern has a mutual culture-based relationship with marital satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the childbearing pattern of women with marital satisfaction and those with marital dissatisfaction in Tehran, Iran. This comparative study was conducted on 196 females during 2015-2016. The participants were divided into two groups of marital satisfaction (Mar-S; n=98) and ...

BACKGROUND The increase in childbearing within cohabitation raises a question about the link between parenthood and partnership. In Norway, having the first child in cohabitation has become the most common pattern. OBJECTIVE The paper studies the interrelated meaning of partnership, marriage, and childbearing. We ask what children mean to partnerships, what the meaning of marriage is for childb...