INTRODUCTION The clinical presentation of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia) in women is often indistinguishable from a urinary tract infection. While merited in the setting of dysuria, emergency department (ED) clinicians do not routinely test for chlamydia in women. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of chlamydia testing among women presenting to the E...

BACKGROUND Patients asking for a free anonymous HIV test may have contracted other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis, yet Chlamydia prevalence in that population is unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with Chlamydia infection in patients seeking HIV testing at local public health authorities (LPHA) in order to evaluate whe...

BACKGROUND We investigated the serological association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Association of Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were searched to identify studies investigating the serological association of Chlamydia pneumoniae...

While Chlamydia trachomatis infections are frequently asymptomatic, mechanisms that regulate host response to this intracellular Gram-negative bacterium remain undefined. This investigation thus used peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endometrial tissue from women with or without Chlamydia genital tract infection to better define this response. Initial genome-wide microarray analysis reveal...

The new Infectious Disease Prevention Law lists the following 5 diseases as those transmitted through sexual acts: syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia infection of reproductive organs, herpes genitalis, and condyloma acuminatum. Among these, Chlamydia infection of reproductive organs and gonorrhea are likely to affect a woman’s reproductive capacity. The former in particular, which far surpasses the...

Chlamydiae are Gram-negative bacteria, which replicate exclusively in the infected host cells. Infection of the host cells by Chlamydiae stimulates the innate immune system leading to an inflammatory response, which is manifested not only by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β from monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, but also possibly by cell death mediated by Caspase-...

Background: Both gonorrhoea and chlamydia urethritis present with dysuria and discharge. It is difficult to differentiate by history and clinical examination alone. Empirical treatment may induce drug resistance whereas complications and the spread of infections may be increased if treatment is started only after the availability of gonococcal culture and chlamydia polymerase chain reaction (PC...

BACKGROUND Infection with genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Sweden. A mutated Chlamydia, nvCT, has contributed to the increase. The occurrence of repeat infections is not investigated in Sweden. The current paper presents the study protocol for the first Swedish clinical investigation of repeat Chlamydial infection. The conc...

BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection that can have serious consequences. It is universally agreed that screening for chlamydia infection should be offered to sexually active young women. We undertook a literature review to document the views, attitudes and opinions of women about being screened, tested and diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis. METHODS On...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a new Chlamydia Rapid Test with vaginal swab specimens as a potential tool for chlamydia diagnosis and screening. DESIGN Performance evaluation study. Settings A young people's sexual health centre (site 1) and two genitourinary medicine clinics (sites 2 and 3) in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS 1349 women aged between 16 and 54 attending one of the...