For any q > 1, let MODq be a quantum gate that determines if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by q. We show that for any q, t > 1, MODq is equivalent to MODt (up to constant depth). Based on the case q = 2, Moore [8] has shown that quantum analogs of AC(0), ACC[q], and ACC, denoted QAC (0) wf , QACC[2], QACC respectively, define the same class of operators, leaving q > 2 as an open q...

We present an approach to non-uniform complexity in which singlepass instruction sequences play a key part, and answer various questions that arise from this approach. We introduce several kinds of non-uniform complexity classes. One kind includes a counterpart of the well-known non-uniform complexity class P/poly and another kind includes a counterpart of the well-known non-uniform complexity ...

In this paper we give a framework for describing how abstract systems can be used to compute if no randomness or error is involved. Using this we describe a class of classical “physical” computation systems whose computational capabilities in polynomial time are equivalent to P/poly. We then extend our framework to describe how measurement and transformation times may vary depending on their in...

A mixed population, enriched and established in a defined medium, from a sewage sludge inoculum was capable of complete mineralization of 4-chlorobenzoate. An organism, identified as Arthrobacter sp., was isolated from the consortium and shown to be capable of utilizing 4-chlorobenzoate as the sole carbon and energy source in pure culture. This organism (strain TM-1), dehalogenated 4-chlorobenz...

Ultrastructural alterations of liver parenchymal cells involving the endoplasmic reticulum are known to occur in animals exposed to chlorinated diphenyl-p-dioxins in the diet (1-4). The observed changes are similar to those reported for other aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbons (5-8) and are usually associated with induction of hepatic microsomal enzyme systems (7, 9, 10). The present study was u...

The ability of the dibenzofuran- and dibenzo-p-dioxin-mineralizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 (R.-M. Wittich, H. Wilkes, V. Sinnwell, W. Francke, and P. Fortnagel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:1005-1010, 1992) to oxidize chlorinated derivatives of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin was analyzed. Strain RW1 degraded several mono- and dichlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins, b...

In the first part of this series it was shown that the stoichiometry of complexation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes became i t a t r n a ©