abstract application of chemicals which activate plant defense mechanisms before pathogen attack without environmental side effects of protective chemical agents have stimulated great deal of researches in this area. one of the important crops in the world is tomato and recently recognized as a model plant for plant-pathogen interactions. tomato early blight is one of the most devastating disea...

The phase transfer method was applied to perform the nucleophilic substitution of 2,6-dichloropurines by modified arylalkyl alcohol or phenols. Since under these conditions only the 6-halogen is exchanged, this method gives 2-chloro-6-aryloxy- and 2-chloro-6-arylalkoxy-purines. 2-Chloro-6-benzylthiopurine was synthesized by alkylation of 2-chloro-6-thiopurine with benzyl bromide. The stereoisom...

Suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea catalyzed the reductive dehalogenation of the commercial nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine). The product of the reaction was identified as 2-chloro-6-dichloromethylpyridine by its mass fragmentation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. A small amount of 2-chloro-6-dichloromethylpyridine accumulated during the conversio...

Four mol-ecular salts made from hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-minium and 2-chloro-4-nitro-benzoate have been synthesized and are reported, namely ammonium hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-minium bis-(2-chloro-4-nitro-benzoate), NH4+·C6H13N4+·2C7H3ClNO4-, (I), hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-minium hydrogen bis-(2-chloro-4-nitro-benzoate), 0.5C6H13N4+·C7H3.50ClNO4-, (II), hexa-methyl-ene-tetra-minium 2-chloro-4-nitro-benzoa...

The title compound, C(15)H(10)Cl(2)O, is a chalcone with 3-chloro-phenyl and 4-chloro-phenyl substituents bonded at the opposite ends of a propenone group, the biologically active region. The dihedral angle between mean planes of these two chloro-substituted benzene rings is 46.7 (7)° compared to 46.0 (1) and 32.4 (1)° in similar published sructures. The angles between the mean plane of the pro...

The K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Cell Line undergoes Apoptosis in Response to 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine

Isocombretastatins are the not isomerizable 1,1-diarylethene isomers of combretastatins. Both families antimitotics poorly soluble and new analogs with improved water solubility needed. The ubiquitous 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring most its replacements contribute to problem. 39 compounds belonging two series isocombretastatin 2-chloro-6-methylsulfanyl-4-pyridinyl or 2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)-4-pyri...

BACKGROUND A recent study showed that methylphenidate induces emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. Methylphenidate inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that selective dopamine receptor activation induces emergence from isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS In adult rats, we tested the effects of chloro-APB (D1 agonist) an...

[reaction: see text] Putative enantioenriched carbenoid species, (R)-1-chloro-2-phenylethylmagnesium chloride (9) and (S)-1-chloro-2-phenylethyllithium (26), generated in situ by sulfoxide ligand exchange from (-)-(R(S),R)-1-chloro-2-phenylethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (8), effected the stereocontrolled homologation of boronic esters. sec-Alcohols derived from the product boronates by oxidation with ...

The key elimination step for the formation of 3-chloro- and 3-fluorobenzyne from 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyllithium displays a pronounced solvent-dependent regioselectivity. 6Li and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyllithium reveal a single monomeric aryllithium, suggested by DFT computational studies to be a trisolvate. Rate studies indicate that the elimination of LiCl and Li...