Chloroquine was a cheap, extremely effective drug against Plasmodium falciparum until resistance arose. One approach to reversing resistance is the inhibition of chloroquine efflux from its site of action, the parasite digestive vacuole. Chloroquine accumulation studies have traditionally relied on radiolabelled chloroquine, which poses several challenges. There is a need for development of a s...

The in vitro sensitivity to chloroquine and pyrimethamine of 19 culture-adapted southern African reference isolates of Plasmodium falciparum was determined using a 48-hour assay. Four isolates collected in KwaZulu, Natal, were sensitive to chloroquine, and one of these was sensitive to the drug in vivo. Eight isolates from KwaZulu or Mozambique were resistant to chloroquine in vitro. Six of the...

Optimal therapy for infection by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax has not been established. From 1992 to 1994 during three separate studies, 147 Javanese residents of Irian Jaya infected by P. vivax were treated with either chloroquine (25 mg of base/kg during 3 days or 10 mg of base/kg in one dose) plus primaquine (10 mg/kg during 28 days or 2.5 mg/kg during 3 days) (n = 78), chloroquine...

background: to monitor the current response of p. vivax to chloroquine in south and southeast iran. methods : the study was undertaken from august 2004 until august 2005 at the bandar- abbas, iranshahr, nikshahr and chabahar districts. a total of 195 patients out of 225 parasitologically positive p. vivax cases completed the study .the patients were given a standard 3- day regimen of chloroquin...

A case of tonic-clonic seizures following chloroquine treatment for leprosy reactions in a Nigerian male is reported. Seizures were controlled with phenytoin sodium capsules. A casual relationship between the seizures and chloroquine is suggested. There have been no previous reports of this adverse reaction in leprosy patients receiving chloroquine for treatment of reactions. The author recomme...

A study on the in vivo sensitibity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was carried out among i to 14 year old schoolchildren in a rural area near Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). A single oral dose of chloroquine of 10 mglkg induced a complete disapppearance of all asexual stages from peripheral blood lasting two weeks. Measurement of urinary chloroquine excretion by a colorimetric method did...

Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance is a major cause of worldwide increases in malaria mortality and morbidity. Recent laboratory and clinical studies have associated chloroquine resistance with point mutations in the gene pfcrt. However, direct proof of a causal relationship has remained elusive and most models have posited a multigenic basis of resistance. Here, we provide conclusive...

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine has been reported in many areas in Ghana. Most of these reports, which are from hospital-based studies, indicate RI and RII rather than RIII type of resistance. Since high pretreatment levels of chloroquine have also been measured in patients with malaria infection in Ghana, we hypothesized that the 'added effect' of the pretreatment ingested d...

A novel Plasmodium falciparum gene, denoted cg2 gene, has been recently discovered, and a distinct genotype, characterized by 12 point mutations and 3 size polymorphisms, has been shown to be associated with chloroquine resistance in laboratory-adapted parasite strains. One of the polymorphic regions, denoted the omega region, consists of 16 tandem repeat units in chloroquine-resistant strains,...

Chloroquine is an established antimalarial agent that has been recently tested in clinical trials for its anticancer activity. The favorable effect of chloroquine appears to be due to its ability to sensitize cancerous cells to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and induce apoptosis. The present study investigated the interaction of zinc ions with chloroquine in a human ovarian cancer cell line (...