fungal diseases, chocolate spot (botrytis fabae sard) is the most destructive diseases of faba bean and causes considerable dramatic damage losses on faba bean yield worldwide. the levels of resistance to chocolate spot were evaluated in 35 faba bean cultivars and one susceptible check (ilb365) and local check (barkat) at the gorgan agricultural research station during the 2010 and 2011 croppin...

The consumption of high-cacao-content chocolate has been associated with positive health benefits ascribed to flavanol [corrected] antioxidants derived from the ground, fermented cocoa seeds of Theobroma cacao. However, flavanols [corrected] impart a bitter, astringent flavor to foodstuffs, frequently masked in chocolates and confections by aggressive processing and adulteration with other flav...

BACKGROUND Chocolate contains several biologically active components potentially having behavioral and psychological consequences. AIMS We tested whether chocolate consumption and stress experiences during pregnancy predict mother-rated infant temperament at 6 months. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Prenatal frequency of chocolate consumption and intensity of psychological stress experience of the moth...

The medicinal use of chocolate has a long history in North America dating back to the 16th century. From Mesoamerican Codices and European Treatises scholars have determined that for hundreds of years the beverage called chocolate was administered to the sick and prescribed homeopathically to prevent illness. Yet, little scholarship exists that focuses on medicinal chocolate usage in early Nort...

background one of the most important factors in inducing the logarithmic growth of streptococcus mutans, is a diet containing fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose. objectives: the aim of the current research was to compare the ability of ordinary and probiotic chocolate to induce or inhibit the growth of s. mutans. materials and methods lactobacillus rhamnosus, l. plantarum and l. acidophi...

Chocolate today is often viewed as a food or snack with little nutritional value. The high saturated fat content of chocolate has also contributed to the belief that its consumption increases the risk of heart disease. However, recent human studies have proven that chocolate has beneficial effects on some pathogenic mechanisms of heart disease such as endothelial function and blood pressure. Al...

BACKGROUND Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) indicate that flavanol-rich chocolate has beneficial effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure (BP). However, no RCTs have evaluated these outcomes in pregnant women. The objective of this 2-group, parallel, double-blind RCT was to examine the effects of flavanol-rich chocolate on FMD and BP in pregnant women with normal BP. ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiologic studies have suggested beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease. Cocoa and particularly dark chocolate are rich in flavonoids and recent studies have demonstrated blood pressure lowering effects of dark chocolate. However, limited data are available on the association of chocolate consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We soug...

The aim was to test the validity of a multidimensional model of chocolate craving among children, and to examine if the dimensions underlying the model predict consumption and eating disordered symptoms. Participants were 602 children (53% female) aged 11, 12, and 13 from 11 schools in Western Australia. Measures included the Orientation to Chocolate Questionnaire (OCQ) designed to assess three...