Background: Neglecting the pain assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC) can lead to inappropriate pain management. Implementation of a pain management protocol may contribute to avoiding such negligence. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of using a pain monitoring protocol on the pain intensity of ICU patients with decreased LOC. ...

abstract   background: osteoarthritis (oa) is the most common joint disease occuring after middle age. because of the high mobility of the neck, oa is common in the cervical spine. the purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of intermittent traction on patients with mild and moderate cervical oa. therefore, 32 patients with cervical oa were recruited.   methods: aclinical...

introduction: many factors are related to the disability of subjects with chronic low back pain. fear-avoidance of injury and movement are the most important risk factors to increase the disability followed by decreased physical activity in these patients. the aim of current study was to compare the level of disability and fear-avoidance between two groups of low back pain patients with and wit...

Hyperalgesia is a common clinical phenomenon among opioid dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and it may be associated with undertreated pain and/or therapeutic failure. This study aimed to investigate association between serum methadone concentration (SMC) and cold pressor pain responses. Cold pressor pain responses in 147 opioid dependent patients on MMT were assessed us...

background acupuncture has recently received considerable attention around the world due to its cost-effectiveness, few side effects, and well-established analgesic properties. objectives the present study aimed to identify the factors that might lead to using acupuncture for pain relief. patients and methods this qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. the s...

conclusions migraine and cluster headache have complex pathophysiologies. the exact mechanism causing pain in both conditions is incompletely understood and more research needs to be undertaken in this area. results there is evidence that the trigeminovascular system and neurogenic inflammation play important roles, together with certain areas of the brain, leading to these conditions being ter...

background: propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic drug. one of its side effects is pain during injection. we investigate the effects of intravenous ondansetron, lidocaine, and their combination on pain reduction of intravenous propofol. methods: eighty eight women with asa class (american society of anesthesiologists) classification i-ii patients undergoing elective gynecologic surge...

background: we administered paracetamol and fentanyl at the beginning of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. we think that paracetamol administered alone is as effective as fentanyl in treating pain after cataract surgery with fewer side effects during operation and in post anesthesia care unit (pacu). the goal of this study was to compare to the postoperative pain relief effect of paracetamo...

background: the role of premedication with acetaminophen on postoperative conditions in pediatric patients is not well known. we aimed to assess the effects of prophylactic oral versus rectal acetaminophen on postoperative conditions in pediatric adenotonsillectomy patients. methods: in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 127 children undergoing adenotonsillectomies were randomized to r...