conclusions our findings did not support the effect of cigarette smoking on spt reactivity to pollen and weeds aeroallergens. however, male were significantly more sensitive than female in terms of sensitivity to some allergens. results the results of this study indicated that 41.4% of patients with allergic rhinitis was smoker with ages ranged from 15 to 70 years. the result of this study also...

objective(s) the primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in iran, have elevated levels of metals or not. the produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries. materials and methods in present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the c...

introduction: cigarette smoking affects nitric oxide production. the aim of this study was to determine associations between tobacco smoke and serum nitric oxide metabolites (nox) concentration. methods: serum nox concentration was measured by the griess method in 230 nonsmokers, 238 active, 196 passive and 29 waterpipe smokers. subjects were selected from participants of tehran lipid and gluco...

background: widespread use of the internet, lack of proper use and non-targeted searches, not only moves the students far from the main mission of the internet in the university but also will impact adversely on their academic status . the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet addiction with academic status and smoking in lorestan university of medical sciences, i...

Secondhand electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol (SHA) might impair indoor air quality and expose bystanders. This study aims to investigate exposure SHA in controlled conditions of enclosed settings simulating real-world scenario. An experiment was performed a car room, which generated during 30-minute ad libitum use an e-cigarette. The replicated on five consecutive days each setting. We...

INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is largely driven by the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Intravenous (IV) self-administration procedures are the gold standard for investigating the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs. The goal of this review was to examine the results of published investigations of the reinforcing effects of nicotine measured using IV self-administration procedures in ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Chinese adolescents. We examined the prevalence of current (past 30-day) e-cigarette use and its associated factors in a large sample of adolescents in Hong Kong. METHODS We analyzed data of the School-based Survey on Smoking among Students 2012/13 from a representative sample of 45,857 secondary school students (me...

background: the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and effect of lifestyle factors on cigarette and hookah use among adult re sidents of shiraz, iran. methods: in 2010, 1,000 participants were recruited in a multistage, random sampling cross-sectional population-based survey. results: response rate was 98%. prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.7%. among cigarette ...

The behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was studied during the manufacture and storage of Iranian white cheese in brine. Cheese was manufactured using pasteurized cow milk and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 with inoculum level of 103 cfu/ml. Four treatments were designed. Cheeses were made with or without starter culture and kept immersed in 6 or 8% salt brine during ripening and storage. Ch...