In this study, a new procedure to determine the optimum dimensions for a rectangular collar to minimize the temporal trend of scouring around a pier model is proposed. Unlike previous methods of predicting collar dimensions around a bridge pier, the proposed approach concerns the selection of different collar dimension sizes around a bridge scour in terms of the flume's upstream (Luc/D), downst...

Fleas can transmit Yersinia pestis by two mechanisms, early-phase transmission (EPT) and biofilm-dependent transmission (BDT). Transmission efficiency varies among flea species and the results from different studies have not always been consistent. One complicating variable is the species of rodent blood used for the infectious blood meal. To gain insight into the mechanism of EPT and the effec...

1. Spellberg B. Dr. William H. Stewart: mistaken or maligned? Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:294. 2. The Office of the Public Health Service Historian. Frequently asked questions. 7 December 2004. Available at: http://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/ apdb/phsHistory/faqs.html. Accessed 2 September 2008. 3. Burnet FM. Viruses. Sci Am 1951; 184:43–51 4. Pier GB, Lyczak JB, Wetzler L, eds. Immunology, infection and ...

level 3 studies, which meet none of the evidence criteria for that study type or are derived from expert opinion, commentary, or consensus. Study types and criteria are defined at http://smartmedicine.acponline.org/criteria.html Disclaimer: The information included herein should never be used as a substitute for clinical judgement and does not represent an official position of the American Coll...

level 3 studies, which meet none of the evidence criteria for that study type or are derived from expert opinion, commentary, or consensus. Study types and criteria are defined at http://smartmedicine.acponline.org/criteria.html Disclaimer: The information included herein should never be used as a substitute for clinical judgement and does not represent an official position of the American Coll...

As part of the restructuring of the electricity industry in many states, public benefits funding has emerged as a primary mechanism for supporting social benefits such as energy efficiency and research and development (RD). In California, a Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program was established to "conduct public interest energy research that seeks to improve the quality of life for Cal...

This paper presents the use of genetic programming (GP) as a tool to predict pier scour depths based on clear-water conditions of laboratory measurements by past researchers. Four main dimensionless parameterspier width, approaching flow depth, threshold flow velocity, and channel open-ratio are considered for predicting the scour depth. The performance of the GP equation is verified by compa...

In order to understand the load sharing and settlement reduction behaviour of piled raft resting on soft clay, 1g model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and number of piles. The load settlement behaviour obtained from the tests has been validated using simplified method (Polous & Davis). Equivalent pier concept of Poulos and Davis...