29 The influence of synoptic-scale circulations on air quality is an area of increasing interest to 30 air quality management in regards to future climate change. This study presents an analysis 31 where the dominant synoptic " types " over the region of Melbourne, Australia are determined 32 and linked to regional air quality. First, a self-organising map (SOM) is used to generate a 33 time se...

[1] The forced secondary circulation (FSC) by the vertical shear of horizontal winds is isolated from the latent heating and friction FSCs associated with a model-simulated hurricane vortex. This is achieved by use of a newly developed potential vorticity inversion and quasi-balanced vertical motion equations system. Results show that latent heating forces intense updrafts in the eyewall and sl...

G. Pérez-Landa, P. Ciais, M. J. Sanz, B. Gioli, F. Miglietta, J. L. Palau, G. Gangoiti, and M. M. Millán Fundación CEAM. Parque Tecnológico, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/CNRS 1572, Gif-sur-Yvette, France IBIMET-CNR, Instituto di Biometeorologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle R...

THE MAMMALIAN VASCULATURE develops by a process called vasculogenesis in which the differentiation and proliferation of endothelial precursor cells leads to formation of tubes that comprise the primary vascular plexus. Subsequent remodeling of the primary vascular plexus by a process called angiogenesis leads to the formation of the highly branched hierarchical vascular tree consisting of arter...

The rotating-flow boundary layer is a special case of the more general threedimensional boundary layer in which the pressure gradient imposed by the outer flow (above the boundary layer) is not in the same direction as the outer flow. The rotating-flow boundary layer thus has motion that is transverse to the streamlines of the outer flow, that is, there is a secondary circulation to the primary...

A Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm (MDA) and a near-storm environment (NSE) algorithm have been developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The MDA analyzes azimuthal shear in Doppler velocity data in 3 dimensions to identify storm-scale circulations. Sometimes, though not always, these circulations are precursors to tornadoes. Marzban and Stumpf (1996) developed a neural network based o...

I wish to establish whether the plankton is affected by Langmuir circulations (LCs). LCs are wind and wave induced flows in the mixed layer (ML) and comprised of counterrotating, helical cells aligned with the wind. They occur broadly and frequently. While their surface manifestation is relatively well known, their dynamics and relation to the plankton are less well understood. Of particular in...

Kelvin’s Theorem on conservation of circulations is an essential ingredient of G. I. Taylor’s theory of turbulent energy dissipation by the process of vortex-line stretching. In previous work, we have proposed a nonlinear mechanism for the breakdown of Kelvin’s Theorem in ideal turbulence at infinite Reynolds number. We develop here a detailed physical theory of this “cascade of circulations”. ...

The main objective of this article is to study the effect of the moisture on the planetary scale atmospheric circulation over the tropics. The modelling we adopt is the Boussinesq equations coupled with a diffusive equation of humidity, and the humidity-dependent heat source is modelled by a linear approximation of the humidity. The rigorous mathematical analysis is carried out using the dynami...

Regression analysis, in which anyone can find similar conclusions, has been used particularly in the field of economics. It is certainly deterministic. It seems that if a determinate coefficient approaches 1, we can be confident in the conclusions of the analysis, but the conclusions of regression analysis are more ambiguous than commonly thought. Indeed, we have faced great difficulties in for...