hyper igm syndrome (him sx) is a rare congenital primary immunodeficiency that affects males more than females (70%, x-iinked recessive), but there are reports of autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritances. in this study, we review medical histories of 2 affected girls and one affected boy. our 3 cases fulfill clinical and laboratory criteria of this syndrome. their clinical signs ...

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) are inborn errors of immune function that require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening infections. The lack of functional T or B lymphocytes in these diseases serves as a diagnostic criterion and can be applied to neonatal screening. A robust triplex PCR method for quantitation of T-cell receptor...

During antigen-induced immune responses, human B cells switch isotype from immunoglobulin M (IgM)-IgD to IgG1-4, IgA1-2, or IgE. In the human, no cytokines have yet been demonstrated to act as switch factors for IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. In this paper, we report that in response to interleukin 10 (IL-10), anti-CD40 activated tonsillar surface IgD+ (sIgD+) B cells are induced to secrete large amount...

Abstract Pneumocystispneumonia can be a life-threatening disease to individuals who are immunocompromised due infection, such as HIV, receiving immunotherapy drugs including corticosteroids or genetic defect hyper IgM syndrome. B cells important the defense and clearance of Pneumocystisinfection; however, exact role has yet elucidated. Prior studies have demonstrated that cell antigen presentat...

Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination deficiencies (Ig-CSR-Ds) are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by defective switched isotype (IgG/IgA/IgE) production. Depending on the molecular defect in question, the Ig-CSR-D may be combined with an impairment in somatic hypermutation (SHM). Some of the mechanisms underlying Ig-CSR and SHM have been described by studying natural mutants ...

BACKGROUND Defects in B cell class switch recombination (CSR) are a heterogeneous and yet very uncommon group of disorders which all have a genetic basis uniformly leading to hyper IgM (HIgM) syndrome. Due to the rare frequency of these conditions, a very small number of case series have been conducted on the affected patients. OBJECTIVE To shed some light on the morbidity and mortality regar...

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predisposition to hematopoietic malignancy, cell-cycle checkpoint defects, and ionizing radiation sensitivity. NBS is caused by a hypomorphic mutation of the NBS1 gene, encoding nibrin, which forms a protein complex with Mre11 and Rad50, both involved in DNA repair. Nibrin localizes to chromosomal sites of ...

Hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. We report a case of a 6-month-old boy who suffered from developmental delays, frequent respiratory tract infection, and unusual fungal and bacterial infection. X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome was ultimately diagnosed with decreasing immunoglobulin-G, A, and E (immunoglobulin G = 51.3 mg/dL, immunoglobulin A = 8....