This paper gives an overview of the NTCIR-5 Cross-Lingual Question Answering Task (CLQA1), an evaluation campaign for Cross-Lingual Question Answering technology. This evaluation was carried out in June 2005. In CLQA1, we aimed to promote research on cross-lingual Question Answering technology mainly for East Asian languages. As the first attempt, we conducted evaluations of five subtasks: JE, ...

We report the design, fabrication and electromechanical performance of a newly developed micro electromechanical XYscanner for micro-optical spatial light modulation using the silicon micromachining technology. A two-dimensional stage is integrated with a silicon micro lens to scan a transmitting infrared light of 1.55-micronwavelength by the mechanism of the f -θ lens scanner. Mechanical displ...

regarding the important role of health in economic growth and development, the purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of life expectancy, as the most important indicator of health, on economic growth in iran during 1965-2009. the estimated smooth transition regression (str) model supports a nonlinear threshold behavior in the relationship between life expectancy and economic ...

one may find out the application‎ ‎of mathematics in the areas of ecology‎, ‎biology‎, ‎environmental‎ ‎sciences etc‎. ‎mathematics is particulary used in the problem of‎ ‎predator-prey known as lotka-volterra predator-prey equations.‎ ‎indeed‎, ‎differential equations is employed very much in many areas‎ ‎of other sciences‎. ‎however‎, ‎most of natural problems involve some‎ ‎unknown functions...

We discuss the dynamics of the Ising model as a computational mesoscopic system. The simplicity of the Ising model allows a Hamiltonian dynamics to be developed from renormalization group theory considerations for the model which is not overly complicated and preserves a close connection with thermodynamics. At the same time, the additional structure gives the potential for application to neura...

to use soil hydrology processes (shp) models, which have increasingly extended during the last years, comprehensive knowledge about these models and their modeling approaches seems to be necessary. the modeling approaches can be categorized as either classical or non-classical. classical approaches mainly model the shp through solving the general unsaturated flow (richards) equation, numericall...

the objectives of this study were to identify a suitable mathematical model for describing the growth curve of baluchi sheep based on monthly records of live weight from birth to yearling; and to evaluate the efficacies of nonlinear mixed effect model (nlmm) and the nonlinear fixed effect model (nlm) methodologies. growth models were fitted to a total of 16,650 weight–age data belonging to 2071...

We discuss the critical behaviour of 2D Ising and q−states Potts models coupled by their energy density. We found new tricritical points. The procedure employed is the renormalisation approach of the perturbations series around conformal field theories representing pure models as already used for disordered spins models. This analysis could be useful to understand the physics of coupled critica...

abstract the main purpose of this paper is to obtain the optimal amount of expenses of government relating to the protection of property rights (pprs). to achieve these purposes we have introduced concept of social intelligence with respect to pprs and then developed different growth model from existing literature. in the second step the optimal share of government spending on the pprs is calcu...

objective: educational models are used to study the behavior and plan for changing and determining the factors that affect the individuals’ decision making for conducting a behavior. this study aimed to compare the effects of the educational program based on basnef model and acupressure at gb21 point on the infants’ physical growth indicators.methods: this clinical trial was conducted on 150 (5...