The structure of the monoid of autarkies for clause-sets is investigated (autarkies are generalizations of satisfying (truth) assignments). The notion of a \plain clause-set" is introduced, where every clause is usable by some resolution refutation, and it is shown that a clause-set is plain ii it has no non-trivial autarky. Every clause-set has a unique decomposition into a plain sub-clause-se...

Over the last decade Inductive Logic Programming systems have been dominated by use of top-down refinement search techniques. In this paper we re-examine the use of bottom-up approaches to the construction of logic programs. In particular, we explore variants of Plotkin’s Relative Least General Generalisation (RLGG) which are based on subsumption relative to a bottom clause. With Plotkin’s RLGG...

This paper presents a method for sentiment classification, called SESS (SElfSupervised and Syntax-Based method). SESS includes three phases. Firstly, some documents are initially classified based on a sentiment dictionary, and then the sentiments of phrases and documents are iteratively revised. This phase provides some accurately labeled data for the second phase. Secondly, a machine learning ...

An eye tracking experiment examined how exposure to a second language (L2) influences sentence parsing in the first language. Forty-four monolingual Spanish speakers, 24 proficient Spanish–English bilinguals with limited immersion experience in the L2 environment and 20 proficient Spanish–English bilinguals with extensive L2 immersion experience read temporarily ambiguous constructions. The amb...

This experimental study investigated the learners’ integrative acquisition of obligatory overt subjects and subject-verb clause agreement in English as an L2. In L1 acquisition research, correlations between superficially unrelated linguistic phenomena are analyzed in terms of integrative effects. For instance, in English L1 acquisition, there is evidence for an integrative appearance of subjec...