The pectoralis major consists of three parts: clavicular, sternocostal and abdominal. The first is usually separated from the deltoid by a deltopectoral triangular space, and often from the sternocostal part by another triangular space. The clavicular part is a new acquisition in Anthropoids, to optimize stabilization of the upper limb to the thorax thus permitting an increased limb mobility in...

Abstract Background Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a shoulder injury common in the clinical setting and generally surgically treated with clavicular hook plate technique confirmed curative effect. However, symptoms such as abduction limitation, discomfort pain postoperatively may occur some patients. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether existing can be reasonably selected redu...

BACKGROUND The current method of treatment for persistent internal rotation due to the medial rotation contracture in patients with obstetric brachial plexus injury is humeral derotational osteotomy. While this procedure places the arm in a more functional position, it does not attend to the abnormal glenohumeral joint. Poor positioning of the humeral head secondary to elevation and rotation of...

Nonunions and malunions of the clavicle are uncommon but can be disabling. Pain, limitation of shoulder mobility, or local compression of the brachial plexus can produce profound functional impairment. Nonunions usually are associated with more severe fractures, open injuries, or failures of operative treatment. Reconstructive procedures are focused on gaining union and restoring clavicular ana...

BACKGROUND The indication for operative treatment of clavicular fractures with bone shortening over 2 cm is much debated. Correct measurement of clavicular length is essential, and reliable measures of clavicular length are therefore highly requested by clinical decision-makers. The aim of this study was to investigate if three commonly scientifically used measurement methods were interchangeab...

BACKGROUND Thoracic and extremity injuries are common in polytraumatized patients. The clavicle limits the upper thoracic cage and connects the body and upper extremities. It is easy to examine and is visible on standard emergency room radiographs. We hypothesize that clavicular fracture in polytrauma patients indicates the presence of further injuries of the upper extremities, head, neck and t...