Residential wood combustion is an important source of ambient air pollution, accounting for over 25% of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in Canada. In addition to these ambient contributions, wood smoke pollutants can enter the indoor environment directly when loading or stoking stoves, resulting in a high potential for human exposure. A study of the effectiveness of air cleaners at re...

In today’s operating environment many conventional cleaner circuits struggle to produce final grade concentrate with acceptable levels of non-sulfide gangue and/or penalty elements. This is primarily due to poor selectivity and the entrainment of gangue, and is further exacerbated by the processing of lower grade ores with more complex mineralogy that require finer grinding for liberation. In n...

The case is described of a 44 year old pharmacist who developed severe occupational asthma threatening his continued employment, confirmed by serial measurement of peak expiratory flow at home and work. The cause was found to be the cleaning agent used in his office when it was unoccupied. Bronchial challenge testing identified the specific agent to which he was sensitised as lauryl dimethyl be...

Biological control in fishes has been documented extensively and is a common form of symbiotic relationship between cleaners shellfish globally, with the highest diversity tropics [...]

Marine cleaning symbioses are classic examples of mutualism: cleaners remove and consume ectoparasites from "client" fish, while clients benefit from a reduction in ectoparasites. However, how clients recognize cleaners and decide not to eat them is unclear. Color and body pattern are thought to be important in signaling cleaning services to coral reef fish; in this study, we tested the long-he...

The applicability of biological market theory with its emphasis on partner choice is explored using the interactions between the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and its “client” reef fish as a model system of mutualism. Cleaners have small territories, which the majority of reef fish species actively visit to invite inspection of their surface, gills, and mouth. Clients benefit from the rem...