The majority of Indonesians make their living from farming, which requires a lot area to grow crops. To produce fresh land for farmers, small amount forest must be cleared. cost cannot increased by cutting down and burning trees forests, according the legislation. However, there are several exceptions local rules, such as up 2 hectares per family head, growing kinds, encircling themselves with ...

We present a new clearing policy suitable for combinatorial exchanges with multiple autonomous bidders and sellers. We compare the revenue generated using this clearing policy with the revenue generated using periodic clearing.

In this study we have demonstrated the variations of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds present in the leaves and stems of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees in alternate bearing cycle and the possible involvement of these compounds to flower bud formation process. The amounts of these compounds were determined in the leaves and stems of “on” and “off” trees  monthly  from Nov...

Abstract. Trees of the genus Prosopis from Americas, were introduced in Eastern Africa 1970s to mitigate land degradation and its associated disservices. However, over time these trees have spread invaded valuable grasslands croplands consequently led significant use cover (LULC) changes livelihood stress. Early detection invasive species is essential for formulating effective management strate...

In genetic diagnostics, the emergence of a so-called "patent thicket" is imminent. Such an overlapping set of patent rights may have restrictive effects on further research and development of diagnostic tests, and the provision of clinical diagnostic services. Currently, two models that may facilitate access to and use of patented genetic inventions are attracting much debate in various nationa...

selection cutting using skidding system often causes physical damage to residual stand through felling and skidding resulting decline of bole quality and tree value. this research evaluated logging damage using skidding system on residual trees and stand regeneration in uneven aged hardwood forest of asalem, were selection cutting was practiced. in this regard, systematic sampling method was us...