This paper seeks to quantify the impact of the European Internal Market programme on the sectoral and geographical pattern of foreign direct investment by UK corporations. We use an annual panel data set covering investment within seven sectors in the European Union and the US, and control for market size, relative costs, innovation, corporate financial constraints and sector-specific fixed eff...

HUMANS ARE NOW MAKING UNprecedented changes to the global environment. Economic development has been fostered by the use of fossil fuels but the accompanying accumulation of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide and methane, has implications for the world’s climate (BOX). Since the 1850s when temperature records began, the world has warmed by approximately 0.6°C, largely in the last 3 d...

Climate change is one of the most serious challenges confronting agriculture, particularly, in rural Nigeria. This study examined the perception, adaptation strategies and challenges of climate change among rural households in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling techniques was used in the study. The first stage involves the purposive selection of six (6) rural farming communities, followe...

Climate scientists note that the effects of climate change vary regionally. Citizen willingness to absorb the costs of adaptation and mitigation policies may correspond with these place-specific effects. Geographic information systems (GIS) analytic techniques are used to map and measure survey respondents’ climate change risk at various levels of spatial resolution and precision. Spatial data ...

The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land carbon sink from CO2 and climate effects of 0.08 gigaton of carb...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Dissolved organic carbon concentrations ([DOC]) in surface waters are increasing in many regions of Europe and North America. These increases are likely driven by a combination of changing climate, recovery from acidification and change in...

Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as interactions among these. In the temperate zone, local variations in weather are often coupled over large geographic areas through the transient behavior of atmospheric planetary-scale waves. These variations drive tem...

While it is obvious that the mean diabatic forcing of the atmosphere is crucial for maintaining the mean climate, the importance of diabatic forcing fluctuations is less evident in this regard. Such fluctuations do not appear directly in the equations of the mean climate but affect the mean indirectly through their effects on the time-mean transient-eddy fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture. ...

BACKGROUND According to a wide variety of analyses and projections, the potential effects of global climate change on human health are large and diverse. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), through its basic, clinical, and population research portfolio of grants, has been increasing efforts to understand how the complex interrelationships among humans, ecosystems, climate, climate var...

Our evolving climate is influenced by several factors such as greenhouse gases and solar output, coupled with the inherent variability of the climate system. Natural fluctuations in climate can temporarily mask or enhance the long-term upwards trend in temperatures, and contribute to uncertainty in climate projections, especially on regional scales. Understanding and acknowledging these variati...