evaluation of the psychiatry residency graduates knowledge and competencies has traditionally relied on the individual patient assessment (ipa) method (1,2). however, this method is unreliable and its outcome depends to a large extent on the luck of the draw (3-5). past research has shown that objective structured clinical examination (osce) method has many advantages over ipa (6-9). as a resul...

abstract background: the increase in breast cancer incidence has enhanced attention towards breast cancer risk. the aim of this study was to determine the risk of breast cancer and risk perception of women, factors that affect risk perception, and to determine differences between absolute risk and the perception of risk. methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out among 346 women whose ...

aim: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. this comparative study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and non-medical female students concerning breast self-examination (bse) in two different universities in shiraz, iran. it also examined the relationship between the students' knowledge, attitude, practice and type of academic ed...

background and aim: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. early diagnosis of breast cancer is extremely effective in its treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of education on breast self-examination knowledge, attitude, and practice among female employees of birjand university, birjand, iran.   materials and methods: this one-group pretest-posttest quasi...

AIM To explore breast health awareness and the early diagnosis and detection methods of breast cancer from the perspective of women and primary healthcare providers in the Jizan region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. BACKGROUND Although there is a high incidence of advanced breast cancer in young women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there is no standardized information about breast self-exam...

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of breast cancer leads to early treatment therefore improving women's health. However, most Thai women are diagnosed at a late stage. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional correlational study was designed to explore factors influencing the diagnosis of early stage breast cancer in Thai women. METHOD Thai women (n = 400) newly diagnosed breast cancer at all clinical stage...

BACKGROUND Late presentation of patients at advanced stages when little or no benefit can be derived from any form of therapy is the hallmark of breast cancer in Nigerian women. Recent global cancer statistics indicate rising global incidence of breast cancer and the increase is occurring at a faster rate in populations of the developing countries that hitherto enjoyed low incidence of the dise...

BACKGROUND Fear and fatalism have been proposed as factors affecting breast cancer screening, but the evidence is not strong. This study aimed to determine relationships of fear and fatalism with breast cancer screening behavior among Tabriz women in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross- sectional study, 370 women referred to 12 health centers in Tabriz were selected with two-stage cluster ...

This article deals with elderly Turkish women's experiences with breast self examination, clinical breast examination and mammography screening, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators in the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model. This is a qualitative study performed on 46 elderly women aged 60-75 years. Data were collected with focus group inte...