DEREK is a knowledge-based expert system for the qualitative prediction of toxicity. The DEREK system has been used to predict the carcinogenicity in rodents of the 30 chemicals in the second National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenicity prediction exercise. Seven of the chemicals were predicted to be carcinogens. For 23 chemicals, there was no evidence in the DEREK knowledge base to sugges...

Metabolomics first burst into the toxicology arena approximately 10–12 years ago, experiencing rapid growth as a science in the intervening period (Fig. 1). Though metabolomics still trails the publication rates of its sister technologies, genomics and proteomics, it is closing the gap in terms of both the numbers of publications and the quality of those publications. One continuing source of c...

Introduction Hallucinogenic mushrooms have been used for magico-religious purposes by the Indians of Mexico for many centuries (Wasson, 1959) but the active constituents, psilocybin and psilocin were not identified until 1958 (Hofman et al., 1958). These compounds were subsequently found in the British species Psilocybe semilanceata (Benedict, Tyler and Watling, 1967; Mantle and Waight, 1969) b...

background and purpose: the internet offers a wide range of online digital resources for the field of toxicology. methods: the history of toxicology and electronic data collections are reviewed. this review presents a brief and non-comprehensive overview of a representative sampling of some of the broad array of toxicology-related learning, tutorial and information resources now becoming widely...

Theophylline toxicity is a life-threatening toxidrome that can present to an emergency department. To ascertain an immediate provisional diagnosis in toxicology at the emergency department is very challenging, especially when the patient presents with altered mental status, because the clinical features of several toxidromes overlap. We report a case of survival of undiagnosed theophylline toxi...

Abstract Background and Objective: Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has a long history in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Clinical uses, side effects, and toxic effects of many singular and compounds were known to scientists of ITM and articular books on toxicology and detoxification of drugs has been written by scientists, but their measurement tools to evaluate chronic toxicity of...

The reliability of analytical findings is a matter of great importance in forensic and clinical toxicology, as it is of course a prerequisite for correct interpretation of toxicological findings. Unreliable results might not only be contested in court, but could also lead to unjustified legal consequences for the defendant or to wrong treatment of the patient. The importance of validation, at l...