Serotonin is one of the neurotransmitters implicated in normal personality. Many psychobiological models of personality include some dimensions related to serotonin. For instance, the harm avoidance dimension of the biosocial model developed by Cloninger is related to serotonergic activity. Higher scores on the harm avoidance dimension should theoretically reflect increased serotonergic activit...

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqu132 22. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. Can personality assessment predict future depression? A twelvemonth follow-up of 631 subjects. J Affect Disord 2006;92:35–44. 23. Kai Y, Nagamatsu T, Yamaguchi. Y, Tokushima S. Effect of leisure-time physical activity and commuting by walking on depressive symptoms among Japanese workers. Bull Phys Fitness Res Inst 2011;109:1–...

Aims: In the present study, putative alterations in the serotonin transporter density were evaluated in anterior and posterior insula, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and dorsal raphe nucleus in Cloninger type 1 (n = 9) and type 2 (n = 8) alcoholics and non-alcoholic controls (n = 10). Methods: Human wholehemisphere ...

BACKGROUND The diversity of pharmacological actions of antidepressants suggests that they may bring about their clinical effects by different functional means. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized in a cross-over design to receive 2 weeks of a clinical dose of both reboxetine and sertraline. Baseline assessments of personality were made using the Cloninger Tridimensional Personal...

The questions of to what extent and in which ways personality dimensions are associated with anxious and depressive psychopathology are still unresolved. Most research has focused on “neuroticism” and “extraversion,” or traits related to these personality dimensions. Neuroticism was originally described as reflecting emotional instability and anxiety proneness (Eysenck & Rachman, 1965). This tr...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was the Polish adaptation of the shortened Public Speaking Anxiety Questionnaire GFER by Spitznagel and co-workers. METHODS GFER is a self-assessment method which consists of 16 statements and is designed to assess emotions, physiological reactions, and thoughts that appear in a situation of public speaking. GFER was used to examine 320 students from Lodz's uni...

We report a meta-analysis of up to 40 data sets that examined the personality dimensions in the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the integrated Five-Factor Model (IFFM) in relation to ADHD symptom domains of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). The IFFM incorporated the dimensions of other personality models (in particular, those of Eysenck, Tellegen, and Cloninger, as well as the FF...

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) not only suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but also the disorder is associated with aberrant social functioning and a diminished quality of life (QoL). Although studies concerning the effect of treatment interventions on symptoms are common, studies with regard to the effect of treatment interventions on QoL are scarce. We examined the ...

The Unified Biosocial Theory of Personality developed by Cloninger has been applied in different cultures. Distribution by age and sex of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Spain and the USA. Three non-clinical samples were included: i) 404 participants from Asturias (Spain); ii) 240 participants from Burgos (Spain); and iii) 3...

Decision making processes are the research problem, that has been increasingly undertaken. Alcohol addiction is a disease associated with unfavorable decision making, in spite of its negative consequences. Impulsivity plays an important role in alcoholics' decision making. It can be understood in terms of behavioral and/or cognitive flexibility disorders, that manifest in cognitive function dis...