Assortativity index (A. Index) of real-world network graphs has been traditionally computed based on the degree centrality metric and the networks were classified as assortative, dissortative or neutral if the A. Index values are respectively greater than 0, less than 0 or closer to 0. In this paper, we evaluate the A. Index of real-world network graphs based on some of the commonly used centra...

The role canyons play in abyssal mixing is discussed, with a focus on the issue of low-frequency flow over sills and associated overturning instability as opposed to tidally generated mixing. Flow through several deep canyons on the mid-ocean ridge is reviewed and some global consequences are discussed.

Two large-scale north-dipping, low-angle normal faults cut the Everest massif at the top of the High Himalayan slab in Nepal. The upper fault the Qomolangma Detachment, follows the north slope of Everest from above the ‘Yellow Band’ at c. 8500 m on the Southwest Face down to the Rongbuk glacier. On the south side of Everest this fault places unmetamorphosed Ordovician mudstones and limestones a...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: basaltic shield InSAR data sill radial dike circumferential fissure Galápagos Islands Space-geodetic measurements of surface deformation produced by the most recent eruptions at Fernandina – the most frequently erupting volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago – reveal that all have initiated with the intrusion of subhorizontal sills from a shallow ma...

Closeness measures are crucial to clustering methods. In most traditional clustering methods, the closeness between data points or clusters is measured by the geometric distance alone. These metrics quantify the closeness only based on the concerned data points' positions in the feature space, and they might cause problems when dealing with clustering tasks having arbitrary clusters shapes and ...

We test whether two sequences are generated by the same distribution or by two different ones. Unlike previous work, we make no assumptions on the distributions’ support size. Additionally, we compare our performance to that of the best possible test. We describe an efficiently-computable algorithm based on pattern maximum likelihood that is near optimal whenever the best possible error probabi...

Sandstone intrusions are found in all sedimentary environments but have been reported most commonly from deep-water settings. They also appear to be more frequently developed in tectonically active settings where applied tectonic stresses facilitate development of high fluid pressures within the sediments. A variety of mechanisms have been cited as triggers for clastic intrusions. These include...

The present study examined how the network science measure known as closeness centrality (which measures the average distance between a node and all other nodes in the network) influences lexical processing. In the mental lexicon, a word such as CAN has high closeness centrality, because it is close to many other words in the lexicon. Whereas, a word such as CURE has low closeness centrality be...