The effect of ultrasound treatments (40 kHz; 40, 50, or 60°C; 5 10 min) and thermal treatment (90°C; 30 s) on the stability parameters orange-carrot juice were evaluated. Microscopic structure, particle size distribution turbidity analyzed first day. Sedimentation cloudiness evaluated over 22 days storage at 7 25°C. Changes in microstructure disruption cell wall evidenced after 60°C/10 min. was...

According to the 2006 Montreal globally acceptable definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), this condition develops when the reflux of gastric contents causes symptoms or complications (Vakil et al., 2006). Because reflux esophagitis is defined as occurring when reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus causes mucosal breaks, erosions and/or ulcers, this conditio...

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract The NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) model has an important systematic error shared by many other models: stratocumuli are missed over the subtropical eastern oceans. It ...

The annual onset of the east Pacific cold tongue is diagnosed in an ocean GCM simulation of the tropical Pacific. The model uses a mixed-layer scheme that explicitly simulates the processes of vertical exchange of heat and momentum with the deeper layers of the ocean; comparison with observations of temperature and currents shows that many important aspects of the model fields are realistic. As...

Vertical velocities compatible with climatological heating functions are computed. The physical assumptions in the thermodynamic equation incorporate radiational heating, heat flux from the underlying boundary, and heat of condensation. The computation is performed for the four seasons, and a comparison with other studies indicates that the method gives fairly good results that may be related t...

Specific project objectives include: 1) investigating the physical processes that lead to the formation, evolution, and dissipation of offshore fog; and 2) investigating the diurnal variability of the dynamics and cloudiness of the marine atmospheric boundary layer off the California and Oregon coasts. The project is supported by the Office of Naval Research, Marine Meteorology and Atmospheric ...

The summer-to-summer variability of the areal extent of marine stratiform cloudiness (MSC; stratus, stratocumulus, and fog) over the North Pacific is examined for the period of record 1952–92 using a dataset based on surface observations. Variability is largest in two regions: the central and western Pacific along 358N coincident with a strong meridional gradient in climatological MSC amount, a...