Many primary care providers advise patients to use sunscreen as a means to reduce their risk for skin cancer, especially cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Despite the availability and promotion of sunscreen for decades, the incidence of CMM continues to increase in the U.S. at a rate of 3% per year. There currently is little evidence that sunscreens are protective against CMM. A number of stu...

For several decades the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) steadily increased in fair-skinned, indoor-working people around the world. Scientists think poor tanning ability resulting in sunburns initiate CMM, but they do not understand why the incidence continues to increase despite the increased use of sunscreens and formulations offering more protection. This paradox, along with ...

MARK C. PAULK Software Engineering Institute he Capability Maturity Model T Model for Software, developed by the Software Engineering Institute, and the ISO 9000 series of standards, developed by the International Organization for Standardization, have the common concern of quality and process management. The two are driven by similar issues and are intuitively correlated, but they differ in th...

March 1998 Moving from “What” to “How” Although the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) provides a powerful improvement framework, its focus is necessarily on “what” organizations should do and not “how” they should do it. This is a direct result of the CMM’s original motivation to support the Department of Defense acquisition community. We knew management should set goals for their software work b...

BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the main risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), but its specific effect in infancy is unknown. We examined whether season of birth, a proxy for solar UVR exposure in the first few months of life, is associated with CMM in childhood through young adulthood. METHODS National cohort study of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973-...

This paper addresses the question of determining the motion tracked by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) on an entire free-form curve or surface defined by an implicit polynomial (IP) equation. We also develop procedures for quantifying the errors in manufactured parts during test and measurement. In particular, given an IP equation of a model object, we describe how the stylus of a CMM can ...

Software developers and IT providers can benefit by defining a Process Model as a framework for their currently implemented practices and processes. By basing it on the “good practice” of the ISO12207 Software Life Cycle standard, it helps to implement quality management practice consistent with ISO9001, assess the capability of their processes against a maturity model such as ISO15504 (SPICE) ...

The Capability Maturity ModelSM for Software developed by the Software Engineering Institute has had a major influence on software process and quality improvement around the world. Although the CMM has been widely adopted, there remain many misunderstandings about how to use it effectively for businessdriven software process improvement, particularly for small organizations and small projects. ...

The development of an error compensation model for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and its integration into feature measurement is presented. CMMs are widespread and dependable instruments in industry and laboratories for dimensional measurement. From the tip probe sensor to the machine display, there is a complex transformation of probed point coordinates through the geometrical feature m...

Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new evolutionary algorithm. The major problem of basic BBO is that its migration operator is rotationally variant, which leaves BBO performing poorly in non-separable problems. To overcome this drawback of BBO, in this paper, we propose the covariance matrix based migration (CMM) to relieve BBO’s dependence upon the coordinate system so that BBO’s rota...