Rule learning is typically used in solving classification and prediction tasks. However, learning of classification rules can be adapted also to subgroup discovery. This paper shows how this can be achieved by modifying the CN2 rule learning algorithm. Modifications include a new covering algorithm (weighted covering algorithm), a new search heuristic (weighted relative accuracy), probabilistic...

Argument Based Machine Learning (ABML) is a new approach to machine learning in which the learning examples could be accompanied by arguments. The arguments for specific examples are a special form of expert’s background knowledge which the expert uses to substantiate the class value for the chosen example. Možina et al. developed ABCN2 algorithm an extension of a well known rule learning algor...

Several well-developed approaches to inductive learning now exist, but each has speci c limitations that are hard to overcome. Multi-strategy learning attempts to tackle this problem by combining multiple methods in one algorithm. This article describes a uni cation of two widely-used empirical approaches: rule induction and instance-based learning. In the new algorithm, instances are treated a...

To clarify the nature of the Mo-Carene interaction in terphenyl complexes with quadruple Mo-Mo bonds, ether adducts of composition [Mo2 (Ar')(I)(O2 CR)2 (OEt2)] have been prepared and characterized (Ar'=Ar(Xyl) 2 , R=Me; Ar'=ArMes2, R=Me; Ar'=Ar(Xyl2), R=CF3) (Mes=mesityl; Xyl=2,6-Me2 C6 H3, from now on xylyl) and their reactivity toward different neutral Lewis bases investigated. PMe3 , P(OMe)...

The problem of discovering association rules in large databases has received considerable research attention. Much research has examined the exhaustive discovery of all association rules involving positive binary literals (e.g. Agrawal et al. 1996). Other research has concerned finding complex association rules for high-arity attributes such as CN2 (Clark and Niblett 1989). Complex association ...

Compression measures used in inductive learners, such as measures based on the MDL (Minimum Description Length) principle, provide a theoretically justiied basis for grading candidate hypotheses. Compression-based induction is appropriate also for handling of noisy data. This paper shows that a simple compression measure can be used to detect noisy examples. A technique is proposed in which noi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of location and extent of lymph node metastasis in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to weigh up the influence of treatment modalities on survival. PATIENTS AND METHOD On exploratory analysis, patients were grouped according to location and time of diagnosis of nodal metastasis: group I, pN2-disease in the aortopulmonary regi...

Plants produce cyanide (CN2) during ethylene biosynthesis in the mitochondria and require b-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) for CN2 detoxification. Recent studies show that CAS is a member of the b-substituted alanine synthase (BSAS) family, which also includes the Cys biosynthesis enzyme O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), but how the BSAS evolved distinct metabolic functions is not understood. H...