most of river engineering problems are complicated and need to be analyzed by three dimensional models of flow and sediment transport. considering the fact that computers and numerical methods with great ability of flow and sediment transport simulation are developing quickly, using numerical modeling by engineers is inevitable. nevertheless, before application, numerical models need to be veri...

We evaluate the transport of three-dimensional chemical transport models in the upper tropo-sphere and lower stratosphere applying observed distributions of CO 2 and SF 6. The data consist of high-resolution in-situ observations, obtained during all seasons at subtropical, middle and high latitudes over Western Europe within the SPURT (Spurenstofftransport in der Tropopausen-5 region) project (...

In this paper, development of a semi-two- dimensional mathematical model called SDAR is introduced. The model is composed of two principal modules of hydraulics and sediment transport. The newly developed SDAR model has a number of capabilities including determination of sediment transport rate, aggradation - degradation calculation, longitudinal profile and lateral cross–sectional variation s...

14 We use the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model (CTM) to interpret the spatial and temporal 15 variations of tropical tropospheric CO observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the 16 Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). In so doing, we diagnose and evaluate transport in 17 the GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields that drive the model, with a 18 particular focus on v...

Objective(s): Exercise ameliorates the quality of life and reduces the risk of neurological derangements such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Irisin is a product of the physical activity and is a circulating hormone that regulates the energy metabolism in the body. In the nervous system, Irisin influences neurogenesis and neural differentiation in mic...

We present long-term time-series of strato-mesospheric CO vertical columns measured from stations located in Antarctica, mid-latitudes and the Arctic, covering the period from 19972005. The instrument and the measurement technique allows the separation of tropospheric and strato-mesospheric contributions to the CO column, therefore providing information on the chemistry and dynamics both at low...

We conduct an inverse modeling analysis of measurements of atmospheric CO from the TES and MOPITT satellite instruments using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to quantify emissions of CO in the tropics in November 2004. We also assess the consistency of the information provided by TES and MOPITT on surface emissions of CO. We focus on the tropics in November 2004, during the biomas...

[1] The dominant factors controlling the seasonal variations of ozone (O3) and three major oxidized nitrogen species, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitric acid (HNO3), in northeast Asia are investigated by using a three-dimensional global chemical transport model to analyze surface observations made at Rishiri Island, a remote island in northern Japan. The model was eva...

Reactive transport modelling of dissolved CO 2 in porous media iii Dedicated to my parents (late) and eldest sister. iv Reactive transport modelling of dissolved CO 2 in porous media v ABSTRACT The geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO 2) is seen as one of the options of mitigating the imbalance of greenhouse gas emissions and to avoid global warming. However, leakage of CO 2 from the ...

The objective of this paper is to describe governing numerical equation and solution algorithm of pollution transport mechanisms and factors essential to include in developing relatively simple and practical tools to quantify pollution loss, advection, diffusion and sorption in pollution transport into the groundwater at landfill sites. This paper presents the development of a numerical model t...