Ocean storage of CO2 was proposed by Marchetti as one of greenhouse gas control technologies, where CO2 is captured from flue gas of fossil fuels and injected into deep seafloor below the depth of 3500m to be sequestered from the atmosphere as shown in Fig. 1. In the last decade of the twenties century, there was a great progress in study on the ocean storage. Aya and his colleagues and Nishika...

Three approaches for determining the stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of soil CO2 efflux were compared. A new technique employed mini-towers, constructed of open-topped piping, that were placed on the soil surface to collect soil-emitted CO2. Samples were collected along a vertical gradient and analyzed for CO2 concentration and isotopic composition. These data were then used to prod...

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased significantly in recent decades and is projected to rise in the future. The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on morphological and anatomical characteristics, and nutrient accumulation have been determined in several plant species. Carrot is an important vegetable and the effects of elevated CO2 on carrots remain unclear. To investigate...

Pure neutral (CO2)n clusters and mixed (CO2)n(H2O)m clusters are investigated employing time of flight mass spectroscopy and single photon ionization at 26.5 eV. The distribution of pure (CO2)n clusters decreases roughly exponentially with increasing cluster size. During the ionization process, neutral clusters suffer little fragmentation because almost all excess cluster energy above the verti...

Prior to the implementation of CO2 injection EOR projects, the screening evaluation of candidate reservoirs will promote the economic benefits of CO2 injection. Currently, a uniform screening method for CO2 miscible flooding does not exist. Based on more than 112 successfully implemented CO2 miscible flooding reservoirs, which was referred in 2010 Worldwide EOR Survey, and CO2 miscible flooding...

With rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere plants are expected to be exposed to higher concentration of CO2. Since, CO2 is a substrate limiting photosynthesis particularly in C3 plants in the present atmosphere, the impact of elevated CO2 would depend mainly on how photosynthesis acclimates or adjusts to the long term elevated level of CO2. Photosynthetic acclimation is a change in photosynthet...

Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is a crucial part of a proposed mitigation strategy to reduce the anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. During this process, CO2 is injected as super critical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in confined deep subsurface storage units, such as saline aquifers and depleted oil reservoirs. The deposition of vast amounts of CO2 in subsurface geologic formations may ult...

[1] Leaf stomatal characters influence the response of terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and are used as proxies for the reconstruction of past atmospheric [CO2]. We examined the phenotypic response of stomatal index (SI), density (SD) and aperture (AP) to rising atmospheric CO2 in 15 species after four years exposure to a field CO2 gradient (200 to 550 mmol mol 1 atmospheric [CO...

We studied interactions between CO2 chemoreflexes and arterial baroreflexes in 10 supine healthy young men and women. We measured vagal carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflexes and steady-state fast Fourier transform R-R interval and photoplethysmographic arterial pressure power spectra at three arterial pressure levels (nitroprusside, saline, and phenylephrine infusions) and three end-tidal CO2 l...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key molecule in many biological processes; however, mechanisms by which organisms sense and respond to high CO2 levels remain largely unknown. Here we report that acute CO2 exposure leads to a rapid cessation in the contraction of the pharynx muscles in Caenorhabditis elegans. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this response, we performed a forward genetic ...