A comparative study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for breeding of midges (Forcipomyia spp.) and the implications for pollination and yield in a typical cocoa production system in the forest ecological zone of Ghana. For the field experiment, the typically available substrates in cocoa farms which were used as the treatments under cocoa trees were: 1) rotten cocoa leaf...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest cardioprotective benefits of dark chocolate containing cocoa. OBJECTIVE This study examines the acute effects of solid dark chocolate and liquid cocoa intake on endothelial function and blood pressure in overweight adults. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover trial of 45 healthy adults [mean age: 53 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 30...

Abstrak. Kakao merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan perkebunan yang terus mendapat perhatian untuk dikembangkan. juga komoditi mempunyai prospek cukup cerah menambah pendapatan para petani kakao di Indonesia khususnya Provinsi Aceh, demikian pula dengan kabupaten Bireuen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan gambaran tindakan keuangan Kabupaten. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan metode slo...

Abstract This study aims to analyze product flow, financial flow and information of certified non-certified cocoa supply chain in East Kolaka Patent District. The method used determining the sample is rendom sampling number company-assisted farmers Regency spread across 2 sub-districts (Aere Lambandia) with a population 763 people 4 (Aere, Lambandia, Poli-Polia Rate-Rate) 328 people, then using...

Significant cocoa production in the municipality of Waslala, Nicaragua, began in 1961. Since the 1980s, its economic importance to rural smallholders increased, and the region now contributes more than 50% of national cocoa bean production. This research aimed to assist local farmers to develop production of high-value cocoa based on optimal use of cacao biodiversity. Using microsatellite marke...

Jambewangi village cocoa farmers market their beans individually and in small quantities, so they’re a low bargaining position. In addition to not optimally the role of each institution, they also haven’t coordinated cooperated promote cocoa. Researchers need research design institutional synergies agribusiness supply chain. The was conducted villages, center production Banyuwangi. chain is bas...

A bstract Cocoa farmers must decide on whether to rehabilitate (Rh) or renovate (Re) a cocoa orchard when its productivity declines due ageing, disease outbreaks other causes. Deciding Rh/Re is often complex, expensive and conflictive process. In this review, we (1) explore the diversity of contexts, driving forces, stakeholders recommended management practices involved in initiatives key cocoa...

In this article we present lead concentrations and isotopic compositions from analyses of cocoa beans, their shells, and soils from six Nigerian cocoa farms, and analyses of manufactured cocoa and chocolate products. The average lead concentration of cocoa beans was </= 0.5 ng/g, which is one of the lowest reported values for a natural food. In contrast, lead concentrations of manufactured coco...