STUDY OBJECTIVE We compare the treatment of pain in children with arm fractures by ibuprofen 10 mg/kg versus acetaminophen with codeine 1 mg/kg/dose (codeine component). METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of children during the first 3 days after discharge from the emergency department (ED). The primary outcome was failure of the oral study medication, defined as use ...

T hree children died in August 2012 after receiving usual doses of codeine for postoperative pain following a tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2013a). Those incidents, combined with a case report of a breast-feeding infant who died in 2005 of an apparent overdose after the mother received a standard dose of codeine for episiotomy pain (Health Sciences...

Background & Aim: Papaver bracteatum Lindl.  (Papaverace) is an important pharmaceutical plant which contains isoqinoline alkaloids. Isoqinoline alkaloids constitute one distinct group of secondary metabolites of the Papaverace family. Codeine and thebaine are important alkaloids of Papaver bracteatum which use widely due to its medicinal properties. Therefore it is...

Endogenous codeine and morphine were identified in rat brain by immunological determination following HPLC. To demonstrate occurrence of a biosynthetic pathway to morphine in mammals similar to that used by the poppy plant, (+)-salutaridine, (-)-thebaine, and (-)-codeine were administered to rats intravenously. These compounds, which are intermediates in the synthesis of morphine in Papaver som...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether codeine and caffeine enhance the analgesic effect of aspirin in post-operative pain. METHOD Systematic overview of the literature and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Codeine 60 mg leads to a small increase in the analgesic effect of 650 mg of aspirin when total pain relief score (TOTPAR%) is used as a efficacy end-point. Th...

An accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of Paracetamol and Codeine phosphate was developed and validated. Paracetamol and Codeine were separated by HPLC using a LiChrospher® RP-18 column and isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Mixture of Acetonitile with Buffer solution (pH=2.5) (15:85) was used as mobile phase. The detection was at 210 nm wave...

Narcotic antitussives such as codeine reveal the antitussive effect primarily via the mu-opioid receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). The kappa-opioid receptor also seems to contribute partly to the production of the antitussive effect of the drugs. There is controversy as to whether delta-receptors are involved in promoting an antitussive effect. Peripheral opioid receptors seem to hav...

Curiosity about codeine can lead to copious information, so first it?s good to focus on the basics. Codeine is a prescription opioid/narcotic analgesic [2] that?s typically used to reduce coughing or to relieve mild to moderate pain by acting on the central nervous system (CNS, more on this later). That said, it?s good to be aware of potential risks associated with taking this medication. Codei...

Codeine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) to morphine. Codeine is a much weaker agonist at mu opioid receptors than morphine. Therefore, codeine analgesia is highly dependent on CYP2D6 activity. Large prospective studies in the clinical environment do not exist, but it appears reasonable to avoid codeine use in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs). CYP2D6 metabolizes other opioid ana...

The effect on ileostomy function of codeine phosphate, Lomotil, or Isogel was tested in 20 subjects at home living a normal life, studied over two three-day periods on and off treatment. Codeine phosphate 60 mg three times daily was associated with a reduction in the mean total weight of ileostomy output and the ileostomy outputs of water, sodium, and potassium (p < 0.05). The proportion of fae...