The localization of individually specific antigenic determinants on the monoclonal gammaM Mö was studied in gel diffusion experiments with 19S gammaM Mö and its 7S subunit. Various types of such determinants were delineated. Some were demonstrable both on the intact macroglobulin molecule and on the subunit. The latter was often unable to precipitate with the corresponding antibody, but combine...

The presence of cold agglutinins (CA) during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass usually creates the need for an altered surgical plan. In this case, the CA were discovered after the initiation of bypass, limiting the time, and cardioplegia solutions that could be used in the new approach. The inability to cannulate the coronary sinus with a retrograde cardioplegia catheter excluded the...

The last 2 decades have seen great progress in understanding the pathogenesis of cold agglutinin disease (CAD) and development effective therapies. Cold agglutinins can cause hemolytic anemia as well peripheral circulatory symptoms such acrocyanosis. We distinguish CAD, a well-defined clinicopathologic entity, from secondary syndrome. This review addresses histopathologic, immune phenotypic, mo...

Cold agglutinins (CAs) lead to organ thrombosis or haemolysis due to increased blood viscosity and red blood cell clumping when blood temperature drops below the thermal amplitude for haemagglutination. Although it is well known that CAs are particularly relevant to adult cardiac surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), paediatric cardiac surgery with congenital heart disease and ...