BACKGROUND Little information exists regarding development of vasomotor control mechanisms during coronary collateral artery maturation. Therefore, we studied endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine collateral arteries isolated 2, 4, and 9 months after placement of an ameroid occluder around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. RESULTS Collateral arteries isolated after 2 months e...

OBJECTIVE In cultured endothelium, stretch induces release of growth factors that contribute to angiogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that bradycardia, which prolongs ventricular diastolic filling time and volume, promotes collateral vessel growth. METHODS AND RESULTS An ameroid occluder was placed on coronary arteries of dogs with normal heart rates (AM) or bradycardia (55 bpm; AM+BC). A th...

Collateral circulation provides an alternative route for blood flow to reach ischemic tissue during a stroke. Blood flow through the cerebral collaterals is a critical predictor of clinical prognosis after stroke and response to recanalization, but data on collateral dynamics and collateral therapeutics are lacking. Here, we investigate the efficacy of a novel approach to collateral blood flow ...

To study the relation between structure and vascular reactivity in mature coronary collateral arteries, we prepared 17 dogs with a casein occluder near the origin of the circumflex coronary artery. At least 24 weeks later, we examined the reactivity of surface collateral arteries (approximately 500 micron i.d.) to a range of constrictor and dilator agents and compared them with normal left ante...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anterior communicating artery (AcoA) and posterior communicating arteries (PcoA) of the circle of Willis provide the main route for collateral blood flow in cases of carotid artery obstruction. Transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography (TCCD) allows real-time measurement of the collateral function of the AcoA and PcoA. The primary objective of this study was to ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which is encoded by the PLAU gene, plays a prominent role during collateral arterial growth. We investigated whether the PLAU P141L (C > T) polymorphism, which causes a mutation in the kringle domain of the protein, is associated with coronary collateral circulation in a cohort of 676 patients with coronary artery disease. METH...

Many assets derive their value not only from future cash flows but also from their ability to serve as collateral. In this paper, we investigate this collateral value and its impact on asset returns in an infinite-horizon general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents facing collateral constraints for borrowing. We document that borrowing against collateral substantially increases the retu...

BACKGROUND The extent of coronary collateral formation is a primary determinant of the severity of myocardial damage and mortality after coronary artery occlusion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents an important risk factor for impaired collateral vessel growth. However, the mechanism of reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients remains unclear. METHODS With the r...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE No studies have determined the effect of differences in pial collateral extent (number and diameter), independent of differences in environmental factors and unknown genetic factors, on severity of stroke. We examined ischemic tissue evolution during acute stroke, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging and histology, by comparing 2 congenic mouse strains with otherwise...

To reveal the detailed morphological features of the fibular collateral (fibular) ligament, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament and the synovial components regarding to achieve data for surgical and biomechanical utilization. Knees of 10 formalin-fixed male cadavers were dissected bilaterally. Bursae around the lateral collateral ligament and the relation of popliteus tendon with lateral...