This article is a comparison of the Natural Approach and Communicative Language Teaching. Using the Richards and Rodgers’ model for conceptualizing approaches and methods described in Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, 1986, Cambridge University Press, I compare and contrast these two approaches carefully at the level of approach, design and procedure. At the level of approach, I look...

We implemented the connectionist model of social-pragmatic word learning (Caza & Knott, 2012) to test the hypothesis that reduced joint attention between infant and mother would increase the difference in acquisition between nouns and verbs as observed in Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The ratio of objects to actions in the observed event stream was manipulated to create an original noun-ver...

The mechanisms underlying the discovery of abstract rules like those found in natural language may be evolutionarily tuned to speech, according to previous research. When infants hear speech sounds, they can learn rules that govern their combination, but when they hear non-speech sounds such as sine-wave tones, they fail to do so. Here we show that infants' rule learning is not tied to speech p...

This research investigated the effectiveness of IPM/FFS project from economic, technical, social-communicative, environmental and psychological aspects in a descriptive-correlational design based on the survey method. The research population consisted of 70 greenhouse producers that had implemented IPM/FFS project in Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970)'s sample si...

Teaching and learning activities very important thing to consider in supporting the quality of students, both terms hard skills soft skills. The communicative approach is teaching language that emphasizes or prioritizes mastery aspects communication function rather than words structures. This research intended examine ideal Arabic with a approach. method used this study form literacy studies li...