Nitrogen from fertilisers and crop residues can be lost as nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas that causes an increase in global warming and also depletes stratospheric ozone. Nitrous oxide emissions, soil chemical status, temperature and N2O concentration in the soil atmosphere were measured in a ®eld experiment on soil compaction in loam and sandy loam (cambisols) soils in south-east Scotla...

Incorporation of crop residues into the soil can reduce its susceptibility to compaction. However, the signi®cance of incorporated crop residue at different soil water contents at the time of compaction and the compaction loads is not well documented. The compactibility of three soils which contained different amounts of sugarcane residue was investigated at different water contents and compact...

Natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana exists for many traits and often reflects acclimation to local environments. Studying natural variation has proven valuable in the characterization of phenotypic traits and, in particular, in identifying genetic factors controlling these traits. It has been previously shown that chromatin compaction changes during development and biotic stress. ...

Compaction testing methods allow at-speed detecting of errors while possessing low cost of implementation. Owing to this distinctive feature, compaction methods have been widely used for built-in testing, as well as external testing. In the latter case, the bandwidth requirements to the automated test equipment employed are relaxed which reduces the overall cost of testing. Concurrent compactio...

Sand compaction piles are used in practice for ground improvement of soft subsoil in order to accelerate consolidation, reduce compressibility, and increase strength. The current design procedure of sand compaction piles is based on simple empirical calculations, which does not take full account of the sand pile behaviour. This research project investigates the behaviour of a base reinforced em...

The data paths of most contemporary general and special purpose processors include registers, adders and other arithmetic circuits. If these circuits are also used for Built-In Self Test, the extra area required for embedding testing structures can be cut down eflciently. Several schemes based on accumulators, subtracters, multipliers and shgt registers have been proposed and analyzed in the pa...

This paper presents a compaction method of functional programs (eg, ML programs) for super-scalars or VLIW architectures. It is a generalisation of the Percolation scheduling system 1] and Perfect Pipelining 2]. It is described by a set of program transformations respecting data-dependences. Instead of managing a control-ow based representation of programs, the compaction is directly applied to...

INTRODUCTION Isolated left ventricular non-compaction is a recently described form of cardiomyopathy that is associated with a significant risk of life-threatening arrhythmia and thromboembolic complications. CASE PRESENTATION We report the presentation, diagnosis and management of isolated left ventricular non-compaction in a 54-year-old Caucasian woman presenting with progressive symptoms o...

Metamorphic devolatilization generates fluid and grain-scale porosity. Evidence for high fluid pressure indicates the devolatilization occurs under poorly-drained conditions. Under such conditions fluid expulsion is limited by the capacity of the reacted rocks to resist compaction or the rate at which deformation modifies the permeability of the overlying rocks. In the former case the compactio...

In this paper we study the two-dimensional compaction of integrated circuit layouts. A curvilinear representation for circuit elements, specifically chosen to make the compaction efficient, is developed. A Monte Carlo algorithm with heuristic termination criteria was applied to a variety of designs. These experiments give running times for compaction that are consistent with a conjectured avera...