Language encoders encode words and phrases in ways that capture their local semantic relatedness, but are known to be globally inconsistent. Global inconsistency can seemingly corrected for, part, by leveraging signals from knowledge bases, previous results partial limited monolingual English encoders. We extract a large-scale multilingual, multi-word analogy dataset Wikidata for diagnosing cor...

In analogy with the standard macroscopic friction, here we present a comparative study of the friction force felt by moving vortices in superconductors and charge density waves. Using experiments and a model for this data, our observations (1) provide a link between friction at the micro- and macroscopic scales, (2) explain the roundness of the static-kinetic friction transition in terms of the...

This paper proposes a fuzzy discriminant analysis to solve the two-group classification problem where the measured variables are linguistic in nature. Especially under imprecise framework, the linguistic variables capture more information although vagueness is inherent. In analogy to classical statistics, a fuzzy linear discriminant function is introduced here, which directly deals with continu...

Analogy has been shown to be important in many key cognitive abilities, including learning, problem solving, creativity and language change. For cognitive models of analogy, the fundamental computational question is how its inherent complexity (its NP-hardness) is solved by the human cognitive system. Indeed, different models of analogical processing can be categorized by the simplification str...

Analogical reasoning is one of the most important techniques used by people, yet it has proved very difficult to represent the process in formal terms amenable to operational implementation in computer algorithms. In this paper we analyse the concept of an analogy and its application to reasoning processes. An analogy is seen to be a partial correspondence between two sYstems. In representing i...

BDNF (Brain derived neurotrophic factor) is a secretion protein and a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors. Structural and functional characterization of BDNF Varanus komodoensis is of interest while its structure remains unknown. Thus, a homology molecular model of BDNF was constructed for gleaning possible structural insights. The model was compared with the structure of the ho...

Psychological research has demonstrated important parallels between the structural alignment process involved in judgments of similarity and the processes that are involved in analogical reasoning. Gradually, this work on comparisons was applied to consumer choice. In this paper, we review the influence of structural alignment on choices among a set of options. Then, we discuss extensions of th...

The importance of metric measures has been recognized in almost every scientific and engineering discipline, including software engineering where much progress in this application has been made. In this paper, metric measures are studied for their application to expert systems, for which little work has been done. The characteristics and organization of metric measures are discussed and present...