BACKGROUND Since Goffman's seminal work on psychiatric institutions, deinstitutionalization has become a leading term in the psychiatric debate. It described the process of closure or downsizing of large psychiatric hospitals and the establishment of alternative services in the community. Yet, there is a lack of clarity on what exactly the concept of institutionalization means in present-day ps...

A conceptual diagram is a line drawing which represents semantic structure of concepts usirtg simple yeometric entities. This paper presents a method of understanding conceptual diagrams. The objective of our method is to interpret semantic roles of geometric entities in conceptual diagrams. In conceptual diagrams, however, a single geometric entity plays various semantic roles for representing...

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is one of the most frequently used statistical methods in medical research. The need for ANOVA arises from the error of alpha level inflation, which increases Type 1 error probability (false positive) and is caused by multiple comparisons. ANOVA uses the statistic F, which is the ratio of between and within group variances. The main interest of analysis is focused o...

Introduction Previous research provides only partial evidence about the trends in interorganizational development and sharing of geographic information systems (GIS) and databases, the obstacles and facilitators of interorganizational activities, and the benefits derived from the joint activities. Anecdotal evidence is provided primarily through conference presentations, usually as a discussion...

This paper analyzes the impact of several lexical and grammatical features in automated assessment of students’ finegrained understanding of tutored concepts. Truly effective dialog and pedagogy in Intelligent Tutoring Systems is only achievable when systems are able to understand the detailed relationships between a student’s answer and the desired conceptual understanding. We describe a new m...

Here we test our conceptual understanding of V1 function by asking two experimental questions: 1) How do neurons respond to the spatiotemporal structure contained in dynamic, natural scenes? and 2) What is the true range of visual responsiveness and predictability of neural responses obtained in an unbiased sample of neurons across all layers of cortex? We address these questions by recording r...

Migration of legacy assets to SOA embodies a key software engineering challenge. Over a decade there has been an increasing interest in the approaches addressing SOA migration. These approaches mainly differ in `what is migrated' and `how the migration is performed'. Such differences aggravate achieving a general understanding of `what SOA migration entails'. We describe what such migration pro...

Crowdfunding is a rapidly growing technology-enabled process that has the potential to disrupt the capital market space. In order for this process to work efficiently, it is important to clarify the issues surrounding the phenomenon from the founders’, the backers’, and the technology providers’ viewpoints. We begin with an ecosystem view to understand the stakeholders and their roles in the cr...

In this paper, we propose a simple and well established semantics for conceptual graphs. This model theoretic semantics is an alternative to previous approaches, where a game theoretical semantics has been suggested. In addition to that, we thoroughly compare conceptual graphs with First Order Predicate Logic (FOPL). The comparison is based on semantics. Based on this comparison, we present som...

The importance of establishing an information security culture in an organization has become a well established idea. The aim of such a culture is to address the various human factors that can affect an organization’s overall information security efforts. However, understanding both the various elements of an information security culture, as well as the relationships between these elements, can...