methods are proposed to develop idealized moment-curvature response curves of slender rectangular rc wall sections with uniformly distributed longitudinal reinforcement, using limit states, namely, cracking of concrete in tension, tensile yielding of reinforcement layers, and compression failure of concrete. it is recommended that tensile yielding of an inner layer of reinforcement is considere...

The design of a gravity retaining wall should be simple to construct, quick build and the best economic solution problem. This can achieved by using advanced optimization methods. Since geotechnical engineers are not always able determine exact soil properties other project data, an optimal also determined for wide range input parameters. Therefore, multiparametric analysis designed was carried...

Hydraulic structures are exploited in hard environmental conditions (impact of freeze-thaw cycling, ultraviolet, humidity and drying, acidity or salinity water, abrasion etc.), so due to the impact factors some deteriorations will occur. The repeated cycles freezing thawing have significant effects on durability concrete. They reducing durability, because cracking scaling Using research results...

this research examines the behavior of soil-reinforced piles and applied loads based on the analytical method and by using the numerical results of flac3d software for comparison with the analytical results. the analysis was based on a method called virtual retaining wall, the following into consideration: an imaginary retaining wall that passes the footing edge the bearing capacity of footing ...