three unconventional details for plastic hinges of bridge columns subjected to seismic loads were developed, designed, and implemented in a large-scale, four-span reinforced concrete bridge. shape memory alloys (sma), special engineered cementitious composites (ecc), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning were used in three different piers. the bridge model was subjected to...

an experimental program was carried out to investigate the behavior of steel, fiber reinforced concrete (sfrc) under abrasion and cycles of freeze and them. compression and flexural tests were also performed in order to reach a comprehensive conclusion of the response. in total, over 200 specimens were tested the test variables included two concrete strength., (i. e., 28 mpa as normal strength ...

concrete is the most common material used to line irrigation canals and must maintain its durability for the lifetime of the canal. compressive strength has been used as an index to control the quality of concrete; concrete that remains durable under freeze-thaw conditions is that with high compressive strength. research has shown that concrete linings can show suitable compressive strength in ...