PURPOSE Previous studies have extensively investigated the pathophysiology, genetics, and lifestyle risk factors of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The aim of this study was to investigate the independent contribution of ethnic origin, social grade, and level of social deprivation to TAO severity in a large, multiethnic, and urban population. METHODS Retrospective case note review of...

Learning is a level-progressing process. In any field of study, one must master basic concepts to understand more complex ones. Thus, it is important that during the learning process, that learners are presented and challenged with knowledge which they are able to comprehend (not a level below, not a level too high). In this work we focus on language learners. By gradually improving (complicati...

One of the pathophysiological features in Buerger's disease, i.e. thromboangitis obliterans (TAO), is vasospastic phenomena. So autonomic reactivity was evaluated in 12 patients of Buerger's disease (1-6 years duration) and compared to age and sex matched controls (nonsmokers). Basal heart rate was significantly (P < 0.001) higher without any variation in blood pressure in TAO group compared to...

In both mammalian and insect models of ethanol-induced behavior, low doses of ethanol stimulate locomotion. However, the mechanisms of the stimulant effects of ethanol on the CNS are mostly unknown. We have identified tao, encoding a serine-threonine kinase of the Ste20 family, as a gene necessary for ethanol-induced locomotor hyperactivity in Drosophila. Mutations in tao also affect behavioral...

AIMS The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the gene expression profile of orbital fat from patients with active, but untreated, TAO. METHODS A case-control gene expression study was conducted using test samples of orbital fat from TAO patients and control orbital fat specimens; apart from drugs to control thyrotoxicosis...

This article is a comprehensive study of the category obligation in philosophical and legal thought Ancient China. The authors conclude that most ancient sources history Chinese philosophy are dominated by theocratic perception obligation, culminating emergence classical philosophy, which offers more rational understanding this category.&#x0D; first treatise to address Shu Jing, but it does not...

OBJECTIVE To compare soft tissue and fat volumes in the supraorbital area of healthy patients and patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using 3-dimensional reconstruction software. METHODS The superiolateral orbital area was delineated on a bony framework. Three-dimensional reconstruction and volumetric calculation of the retro-orbicularis oculi fat (brow fat), galeal fat (includ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the configuration of extraocular muscle and tendon enlargement in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). DESIGN Retrospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the preoperative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or both, of 125 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed TAO. Axial CT (n = 8...

THE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH BUERGER DISEASE (THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS: TAO) were analyzed based on the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) database in 2009. A total of 129 new patients and 3639 patients in follow-up were selected according to the clinical criteria of TAO. The current number of patients with TAO in Japan is estimated at about...