Hypertrichosis is defined as an excessive growth in body hair beyond the normal variation compared with individuals of the same age, race and sex and affecting areas not predominantly androgen-dependent. The term hirsutism is usually referred to patients, mainly women, who show excessive hair growth with male pattern distribution.Hypertrichosis is classified according to age of onset (congenita...

Congenital orthopaedic disorders are not infrequent. Even though some orthopaedic disorders are immediately obvious at birth (such as congenital talipes equinovarus [CTEV]), others are not apparent or may even be hidden (such as congenital bone hypoplasia). This means that a comprehensive orthopaedic examination is of great value when screening for congenital orthopaedic disorders [7]. Congenit...

Over the last 2 decades, major advances have been made in our identification and understanding of the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease. More than 40 cardiovascular disorders have now been identified to be directly caused by single-gene defects. These disorders span all aspects of cardiovascular disease and affect all parts of the heart structure. They include the inherited cardiomyopathi...

Over the last 2 decades, major advances have been made in our identification and understanding of the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease. More than 40 cardiovascular disorders have now been identified to be directly caused by single-gene defects. These disorders span all aspects of cardiovascular disease and affect all parts of the heart structure. They include the inherited cardiomyopathi...

The World Health Organization defines congenital disorders as "structural or functional abnormalities which are present from birth, whether recognized at birth or later" (1). Data on the rate of congenital disorders in Iran is sparse. Insufficient birth defects registration or surveillance system of fetuses and infants lead to scarce comprehensive data about the prevalence of congenital disorde...