The thermodynamic functions of toroidal black holes are investigated in this paper by taking the cosmological constant as a dynamic variable equivalent to pressure. equation state and Smarr relation hole given. Then, Gibbs function is obtained calculating Euclidian action. Further we study other hole, such as, free energy, internal energy enthalpy. heat capacities at pressure volume well. resul...

In the gas drilling design, accurate prediction of wellbore temperature profile is very crucial. Different from liquid fluid, physical and thermophysical parameters gases are sensitive to change pressure temperature, at same time, these will react against pressure. Based on energy conservation principle, a temperature-pressure coupling calculation model was established predict during process. T...

To assess the high-pressure production characteristics of double-vug reservoirs with bottom water in Tahe Oilfield, this study, a physical simulation experiment apparatus is built for water. The “vug-fracture-vug” under different are studied experimentally, and fracture-vug relationship oil recovery rates explored. According to findings, rate significantly affects development effect water, prov...

Weight on the bit is accomplished by running in the hole, between the bit and the drill pipe, several lengths of extremely heavy thick-walled pipe, called “drill collars”. Drill pipe may weigh up to 30 kg/m. Drill collars, of larger diameter than drill pipe and of constant diameter throughout, can weigh up to IS0 kg/m. The full hanging weight of the whole assembly in the blocks in the derrick (...

Naturally fractured gas reservoirs have contributed significantly to global reserves and production. The classical gas-well decline analysis relies largely on Arps’ empirical models, or modern production associating with pseudo-variables. explicit original in place determination methodology is extended from homogeneous reservoir naturally under constant variable bottom-hole pressure conditions ...

A theory is presented which provides a model for the appearance of critical layers within the flow below a water wave. The wave propagates over constant depth, with constant (non-zero) vorticity. The mechanism described here involves adjusting the surface-pressure boundary condition; two models are discussed. In the first, the pressure at the surface is controlled (mimicking the movement of a l...

Landfill gas generated by municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is the world’s third largest source of greenhouse emissions. Additionally, accumulation landfill in piles can trigger instability piles. Based on exponential distribution pattern variation permeability coefficients with burial depth measured situ, this paper presents an analytical solution for gas-pressure that more line on-site co...

A: Patient with little effort. Top: Volume Controlled Ventilation: airway pressure in cmH2O yellow, constant flow L/min pink. Middle: Pressure controlled ventilation: decelerating Bottom: Esophageal cmH2O. B: high convex negative deflection during trigger and first half of inspiration (blue arrow). the (yellow arrow) slight (green arrow), concave (orange Convex esophageal (grey