Experiments on two-dimensional soap froth under temperature ramping have been performed. At constant temperatures, the classical linear dependence of the averaged cell area with time is observed at di8'erent temperatures. The rate of change of area depends sensitively on temperature. For froths under constant temperature ramping, in contrast to the classical results, a quadratic evolution of th...

Most terrestrial ectotherms experience diurnal and seasonal variation in temperature. Because thermal performance curves are non-linear, mean performance can differ in fluctuating and constant thermal environments. However, time-dependent effects--effects of the order and duration of exposure to temperature--can also influence mean performance. We quantified the non-linear and time-dependent ef...