Piles were regarded as elastic materials in the traditional numerical simulation. The pile would not reflect damage of engineering, which misjudge reinforcement effect piles on slopes. specific objective this study was to propose a constitutive model replace analysis pile–slope stability. In study, simulated by model, can plastic deformation pile. factors position and ratio slope’s factor safet...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is an important intermediate in signal transduction pathways that are initiated by many types of cell surface receptors. It is thought to play a pivotal role in integrating and transmitting transmembrane signals required for growth and differentiation. Constitutive activation of ERK in fibroblasts elicits oncogenic transformation, and recently, consti...

This contribution aims at showing some of the advantages of taking a novel, broad and systemic view on constitutive rules based on a failure oriented analysis, relying on the notion of impasse. Basically, impasses can descend by two main kinds of causes: either a mismatch between rules (how things should be done) and facts (how things are actually done), or an internal contradiction among rules...

Abstract The challenging task of structural design under safety, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability constraints has led to the development several efficient materials. In this context, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) stands out due post-cracking behavior related its enhanced toughness. Recent normative codes consider composite, suggesting good performance broadening app...

The purpose of this paper is to analysis the viscoelastic models under dynamic loading. A five-parameter model is chosen for study exhibits elastic, viscous, and retarded elastic response to shearing stress. The viscoelastic specimen is chosen which closely approximates the actual behavior of a polymer. The module of elasticity and viscosity coefficients are assumed to be space dependent i.e. f...

Arch dams are generally built in cantilvever monoliths. Vertical contraction joints between monoliths control the stresses due to concrete shrinkage and temperature variations. Past studies in earthquake safety evaluation of the system often show the tensile fracture and local nonlinear deformation of joints. In this paper, some nonlinear joint element constitutive models are presented to exami...

Based on digital images of a tested sample, taken at different stages of loading, displacement fields are measured by using digital image correlation. The technique used here directly provides continuous displacement fields decomposed onto finite elements. From the latter, the equilibrium gap method allows one to estimate a scalar damage field over the same region of interest. Last, under the a...

A GENERAL time-independent constitutive framework is constructed for crystals capable of crystallographic shearing. No restrictions are placed on their elasticity or on the amounts of slip. In deriving properly-objective relations due account is taken of the separate motions of the material and lattice. A precise specification of the structure of the flow rule leads to conditions for the existe...