Sets of mutually orthogonal Latin squares prescribe the order in which to apply different treatments designing an experiment permit effective statistical analysis results, they encode incidence structure finite geometries, encapsulate groups and more general algebraic objects known as quasigroups, produce optimal density error-correcting codes. This paper gives some new results on graph squares...

Tunnel construction is a complex technology, with huge number of effective parameters, which cannot be accurately analyzed/designed using empirical or theoretical methods. With the rapid development computer technologies, Soft Computing (SC) approaches have been widely used in tunnel construction. Typically, two common tunneling methods, blasting and mechanical excavation ( e.g ., boring machin...