the present study investigated the effect of single and multiple genre movies on listening comprehension of upper intermediate language learners. to this end, a language proficiency test was administered to 40 male and female postgraduates of different majors attending international english language testing system (ielts) classes and ultimately 25 upper intermediate language learners were selec...

This study provides evidence that the role of the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) in substrate languages is reflected in prosodic systems of contact varieties of French. We have compared two contact varieties: Central African French, a variety of French spoken by L1 speakers of Sango a lexical tone language where the constraint is not respected, and Burundi French, which is spoken by L1 spea...

Due to the importance that verbs have in language an identification of their actants (obligatory complements) is important for understanding of the meaning of sentences. Usually, the solution of this problem in natural language processing is based on machine learning approaches, which are trained on large sets of tagged texts. We show that it is possible to work with other kind of sources, i.e....

This paper analyzes a language for actions and the deontic modalities over actions — i.e., the modalities permitted, forbidden and obligatory. The work is based on: (1) an action language that allows the representation of concurrent and repetitive events; (2) a deontic language that allows the representation of “free choice permissions”; (3) a proof procedure that admits a logic programming sty...

This paper discusses the issue of irrelevance aspect Polish verb. In specifi c contexts, grammatical category aspect, being obligatory in language, is fact redundant. The identifi cation such contexts (and hence review most important current observations and convictions this respect), attempt at ordering describing them enabled systematic material research based on a (Polish–German German–Polis...

Recent studies showed that language knowledge has, increasingly, become a value-add attribute helps businesses to implement and satisfy their corporate goals in the globalized world as its services are highly demanded by employers parallel so-called hard skills job advertisements. The paper presents quantitative content-based analysis of foreign requirements listed study results based on data a...

Assimilation of place of articulation across a nasal and a following stop consonant is obligatory in Japanese, but not in Dutch. In four experiments the processing of assimilated forms by speakers of Japanese and Dutch was compared, using a task in which listeners blended pseudo-word pairs such as ranga-serupa. An assimilated blend of this pair would be rampa, an unassimilated blend rangpa. Jap...

this paper is a short review on the jann and content of speech and language rehabilitation services and the trend of their institutionalization in iran. a summary of formal education in speech and language therapy in iran as originated by establishing a 4 year bs rehabilitation program in the college of rehabilitation sciences in tehran in 1974 is given. since then, speech and language rehabili...