Examples involving contextuality (e.g. Bell-Kochen-Specker) are analyzed and post-selection is shown to allow definite assignment of values to observ-ables in a new way. A physical reason is presented for restrictions on these assignments. Finally, it is shown that if measurements are performed which do not disturb the pre-and post-selection (i.e. weak-measurements), then a new experimental asp...

Contextuality, the impossibility of assigning a single random variable to represent the outcomes of the same measurement procedure under different experimental conditions, is a central aspect of quantum mechanics. Thus defined, it appears in well-known cases in quantum mechanics, such as the double-slit experiment, the Bell-EPR experiment, and the Kochen-Specker theorem. Here we examine context...

This is a non-technical introduction into theory of contextuality. More precisely, it presents the basics contextuality called Contextuality-by-Default (CbD). One main tenets CbD that identity random variable determined not only by its content (that which measured or responded to) but also contexts, systematically recorded conditions under observed; and variables in different contexts possess n...

We uncover a form of quantum contextuality that connects maximal to boson indistinguihability in similar way nonlocality with respect the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality is connected entanglement. Unlike previous forms photonic contextuality, this cannot be simulated classical light, as it relies on indistinguishability and higher-order interference. Ideal measurements bosonic system...

Quantum contextuality is one of the most recognized resources in quantum communication and computing scenarios. We provide a new quantifier this resource, rank (RC). define RC as minimum number non-contextual behaviors that are needed to simulate contextual behavior. show logarithm natural measure satisfying several properties considered spirit resource-theoretic approach. The include faithfuln...

Contextuality and nonlocality are nonclassical properties exhibited by quantum statistics whose implications profoundly impact both the foundations applications of theory. In this paper we provide some insights into logical contextuality inequality-free proofs. The former can be understood as possibility version contextuality, while latter refers to proofs that not based on violations noncontex...

We develop on the idea that everything is related, inside, and therefore determined by a context. This stance, which at first might seem obvious, has several important consequences. This paper first presents ideas on Contextuality, for then applying them to problems in philosophy of cognitive science. Because of space limitations, for the second part we will assume that the reader is familiar w...

Extendability of an empirical model was shown by Abramsky & Brandenburger to correspond in a unified manner to both locality and non-contextuality. We develop their approach by presenting a refinement of the notion of extendability that can also be useful in characterising the properties of sub-models. The refinement is found to have another useful application: it is shown that a particular, ca...