We compare two methods for visualising contingency tables and develop a method called the ratio map which combines the good properties of both. The first is a biplot based on the logratio approach to compositional data analysis. This approach is founded on the principle of subcompositional coherence, which assures that results are invariant to considering subsets of the composition. The second ...

due to complexity and huge varieties in mega cities, their administration need suitable policy making that is designed specifically for each city. so, in the light of contingency approach and collage metaphor, in each city, designing of a mixed policy making system is necessary; a system that is able to use collection of current policy making models, and support urban management system for adop...

Prior research suggests that repeatedly approaching or avoiding a stimulus changes the liking of that stimulus. In two experiments, we investigated the relationship between, on one hand, effects of approach-avoidance (AA) training on implicit and explicit evaluations of novel faces and, on the other hand, contingency awareness as indexed by participants' memory for the relation between stimulus...

The user’s usage continuance of an information system (IS) has been considered as a key factor in determining whether an IS is useful or not. This usage continuance not only allows firms to recoup their IS investment but also represents the sustainability of IS success. However, continuance of IS usage is a long-term organizational process; it can be influenced by contingency factors (e.g., env...

This editorial will introduce a four issue series of Risk, Health & Society special editions, ‘Health Care Through the Lens of Risk’. The editorial will argue that riskthinking offers a particular approach to contingency, its culturally universal precursor. Contingency arises from the perception that one of two or more alternative outcomes might occur, or might have occurred. It addresses the i...

The paper proposes a security-constrained optimal power flow algorithm (SC-OPF) which allows the post-contingency control of High Voltage Direct Current lines, based on the Voltage Source technology (VSC-HVDC). The presented algorithm integrates corrective actions of HVDC lines in a single optimization problem, without the need to solve a detailed power flow or OPF for each contingency. The app...

This paper presents the study of overload contingency in the distribution system using fuzzy multiobjective approach considering customer load pattern. A model of 25 bus distribution system having five feeders, 20 loads and 29 distribution lines is simulated using Mi-Power software. Customer load pattern of the distribution system is designed using MATLAB. Taking the advantage of handling uncer...