microparticles offer various significant advantages as drug delivery systems, including: (i) an effective protection of the encapsulated active agent against (e.g. enzymatic) degradation, (ii) the possibility to accurately control the release rate of the incorporated drug over periods of hours to months, (iii) an easy administration (compared to alternative parenteral controlled release dosage ...

background: there are two types of primary dysmenorrhea (spasmodic and congestive) which differ from each other in terms of the time of menstrual cycle outbreak, pain quality and other symptoms. the present study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure at the sanyinjiao point (sp-6) on severity of menstrual symptoms (primary outcome) and the duration of resting time as well as the number o...

conclusions these findings indicate the usefulness of pca compared to the routine methods on pain relief after operation.therefore this method can be recommended to alleviate postoperative pain. background unrelieved pain after surgery can lead to increased postoperative complications, prolonged hospital stay and delayed recovery. patient-controlled analgesia (pca) has emerged as a standard tec...

thymol, an important and advantageous component of many essential oils, has been applied as an antimicrobial agent in animals. to increase the duration of action of this compound in ruminants, it was decided here to prepare a controlled release carrier for thymol. hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (hpmc) and ethyl cellulose (ec) were used as the matrix polymer here. mixtures of thymol with eight ...

conclusions both pca techniques provided effective pain scores (< 3) after cardiac surgery; but generally, pca-paracetamol infusion has a better analgesic effect. results the trend of pain scores did not have any significantly difference between group r and group p except for hour 8 and hour 18 after surgery that vas was significantly lower in group p than group r (p = 0.031, p = 0.023, respect...

background to alleviate stinging pain in the skin entry area and visceral discomfort in patients who are undergoing eswl. objectives this study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the emla cream in combination with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (pca) in patients undergoing eswl treatment. patients and methods sixty patients were divided into two double-blind randomized ...

controlled release swellable tablets of phenobarbital were prepared by a simple direct compression process using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc) as the matrix former. the effects of the viscosity grades of hpmc and hpmc/lactose ratio and ethylcellulose (ec)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (nacmc) and their concentrations on the release behavior of phenobarbital from hpmc matrices were invest...

background substance abuse or drug addiction is one of the most important health issues in every society, which can lead to physical and mental problems. objectives this study aimed to compare the efficacy of tramadol plus gabapentin versus methadone use in the treatment of opiate withdrawal. patients and methods consenting male subjects who fulfilled the dsm-4 criteria for opiate dependence sy...

conclusions the use of diclofenac suppository combined with iv pca results in reduced narcotic usage and a higher level of patient satisfaction compared to the use of iv acetaminophen combined with iv pca. results the patients’ characteristics were the same in both study groups. the patients’ satisfaction levels were higher among those who received diclofenac when compared with the acetaminophe...

triptoreline is a potent agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, currently used in the treatment of prostatic cancer where therapy may be required over months or years. frequent injection of drug decreases patients’ compliance. the present study describes the formulation of a sustained release microparticulate drug delivery system containing triptoreline acetate, using poly (d,l lacti...